GENERAL SCIENCE MCQs

1. An ordinary tube light used for lighting purposes
contains
(a) fluorescent material and an inert gas
( b) one filament, reflective material and mercury vapour
(c) fluorescent material and mercury vapour
(d) two filaments, fluorescent material and mercury vapour

2. The term ‘Black Box’ is more commonly used in relation to which of the following?
(a) It is a box in which high grade uranium is kept to prevent radiation.
(b) It is a time capsule in which records of important events are kept to be opened at a later date,
(c) It is a flight recorder in an aero plane.
(d)None of these

3. The lightning conductor used in building, protects the building by
(a) dissipating the electric charge away from the building
(b) conducting the lightning safely to the ground
(c) absorbing the electric charge
(d) None of these

4. Sodium vapour lamps are preferred over incandescent lamp because of
(a) higher tolerance to voltage fluctuation
(b) higher intensity of illumination
(c) easy installation
(d) None of these

5. The principle of working of periscope is based on
(a) reflection only
(b) refraction only
(c) reflection and refraction
(d) reflection and interference

6. The working of the quartz crystal in the watch is based on
(a) Johnson effect
(b) Photoelectric effect
(c)Edison effect
(d) Piezo electric effect

7. A handwritten message can be instantly transmitted as such to any part of the world through
(a) Speed post
(b) Telex
(c)Electronic mail
(d) FAX

8. Which of the following combinations of aperture and shutter speed of a camera will allow the maximum exposure?
(a) F-5.6,1/l000
(b) F-8,l/250
(c) F-16,l/l25
(d) F-22,1/60

9. Hardware is related to?
(a) calculator
(b) computers
(c) acids
(d) heavy metals

10. Which of the following best explains the phenomenon ‘Simple Harmonic Motion’?
(a) Cylinder
(b) Disc
(c) Pendulum
(d) None of these

11. Jet engines are
(a) rotary engines
(b) turbine engines
(c) external combustion engines
(d) reaction engines

12. In an engine run on diesel, ignition is caused through
(a)friction
(b) automatic starter
(c)spark plug
(d) compression

13. In an electronic watch, the component corresponding to the pendulum of a pendulum clock is
(a)Transistor
(b) Balance Wheel
(c) Crystal Oscillator
(d) Diode

14. The hydraulic brakes used in automobiles is a direct application of ?
(a) Archimedes’ Principle
(b) Toricellian law
(c) Bernoulli’s theorem
(d) Pascal’s law

15. Which of the following statements is correct?
(a) Dynamo converts electrical energy into heat energy and electric motor converts mechanical energy into electrical energy.
(b) Dynamo converts mechanical energy into electrical energy and electric motor converts electrical energy into mechanical energy.
(c) Both dynamo and electric motor convert electrical energy into mechanical energy.
(d) Both dynamo and electric motor convert mechanical energy into electrical energy.

16.. An electron microscope gives higher magnification than an optical microscope because
(a) it uses more powerful lenses.
(b) the velocity of electrons is smaller than that of visible light.
(c) the electrons have more energy than the light particles.
(d) the wavelength of electrons is smaller as compared to the wavelength of visible light.

17. The conversion of electrical energy into chemical energy is observed in ?
(a) fan
(b) storage battery
(c) heater
(d) incandescent bulb

18. The most efficient engine is ?
(a) Petrol
(b) Diesel
(c) Electric
(d) Steam

19. The tape of a tape recorder is coated with
(a) Zinc oxide
(b) Copper sulphate
(c) Mica
(d) Ferromagnetic powder

20. When a coil is rotated in magnetic field, induced current is generated in the coil. This principle is used in making ?
(a) electromagnet
(b) electric motor
(c) electric generator
(d) electric watt meter

21. Distant objects can be seen with the help of
(a) chronometer
(b) microscope
(c)telescope
(d) spectroscope

22. The safety fuse should have
(a) high resistance and high melting point
(b) high resistance and low melting point
(c) low resistance and high melting point
(d) low resistance and low melting point

23. Greenhouse is?
(a) a building chiefly of glass in which the temperature is very low.
(b) a building in which green plants are cultivated.
(c) a building chiefly of glass in which the temperature is maintained within the desired range.
(d) None of these

23. Given below are some of the home appliances:
1. 1/8 H.P. Water pump
2. Fluorescenttubelight
3. Room heater
4. Night lamp
Which of the following is the correct sequence in decreasing order of the wattage of the above?
(a) 2,1,3,4
(b) 3,1,2,4
(c)3,2,1,4
(d) 4,2,1,3

25. Which of the following is/are true regarding the third (thicker) pin in a 3-pin plug?
1. It ensures better electrical contact.
2. It is connected to the body of the electrical device.
3. It is connected to the earth terminal.
4. It is connected to the neutral terminal.
(a) 1 and2
(b) 2 and 3
(c) 1 and3
(d) 4only

26. Consider the following statements about a thermos flask:
1. It is a practical device in which the beat flowing into or out of the system by conduction, convection or radiation is reduced as much as possible.
2. It consists of a double – walled glass vessel.
3. The heat transfer by convection is minimized by silvering the surfaces and the radiation is minimized by evacuating the space between the walls.
Of these, the correct ones are
(a) l and 2
(b) 2 and 3
(c) l and 3
(d) l,2 and 3

27. Which of the following are true regarding the compact fluorescent tubes now available in market for home use?
1. They use less power (about 20%) compared to filament type bulbs for same amount of light.
2. They operate at higher voltages.
3. They are narrower and shorter than common fluorescent tubes.
(a) l and 2
(b) 2 and 3
(c) 1 and 3
(d) 1,2 and 3

28. In an ordinary dry cell, the electrolyte is
(a) sulphuric acid
(b) manganese dioxide
(c) ammonium chloride
(d) zinc

29. Which of the following pairs of materials serves as electrodes in chargeable batteries commonly used in devices such as torch lights, electric shavers etc. ?
(a) Iron and cadmium
(b) Nickel and cadmium
(c) Lead peroxide and lead
(d) Zinc and carbon

30. The mixed oxide fuel is used for which of the following?
(a) Nuclear Reactors
(b) Aero planes
(c) Cryogenic Engines
(d) PSLV rockets

31. Conversion of chemical energy into electrical energy occurs in ?
(a)dynamos
(b) electric heaters
(c)battery
(d) atomic bombs

32. In the ordinary fire extinguisher, carbon dioxide is generated by the reaction of ?
(a) marble powder and dilute HCL
(b) magnesite and dilute HCL
(c) limestone and dilute Sulphuric Acid
(d) sodium bicarbonate and dilute Sulphuric Acid

33. Which of the following take place when the subject speaks untruth while being tested by the polygraph instrument?
1.. His blood pressure goes up.
2. His pulse quickens.
3. His skin darkens.
4. He sneezes.
(a) l and 2
(b) 3 and 4
(c) l,2 and 3
(4) 2,3 and 4

34. What is the function of a microprocessor in a computer?
(a) It allows the key board to write on the computer.
(b) It allows the outputs to be taken from a computer.
(c) It performs all the functions of a CPU (Central Processing Unit).
(d) None of these

35.Teletext means?
(a) the process of convening black & white TV sets into coloured ones.
(b) flashing of telephone conversation on TV screen.
(c) flashing the text of the message on the telex machine.
(d) flashing of the text of news and information on the TV screen.

36. Which of the following statements about a refrigerator is/are correct?
1. It converts electrical energy into heat energy.
2. It converts electrical energy into mechanical energy.
3. It transfers heat from a high temperature to a low temperature.
4. It transfers heat from a low temperature to a high temperature.
(a) 1 and3
(b)2 and 3
(c) 1 and 4
(d) 4 only

37. Which of the following statements are true regarding transmission of television programmes?
1. Picture is transmitted with velocity of light.
2. Sound is transmitted with velocity of sound.
3. Sound is transmitted with velocity of light.
4. Different colours of the picture.are transmitted with different velocities.
(a) l and 3
(b) 1,2 and 3
(c) 2,3 and 4
(d) l,3 and 4

38. The anode in a dry cell consists of
(a) graphite
(b) zinc
(c) copper
(d)cadmium

39. The technique used to transmit audio signals in television broadcasts is
(a) Amplitude Modulation
(b) Frequency Modulation
(c) Pulse Code Modulation
(d) Time Division Multiplexing

40 Floppy disc in a computer system is
(a) compiler
(b) core memory
(c) software
(d) device for storing and retrieving data

41. The best colour (s) for a sun umbrella will be
(a)black
(b) black on top and white on the inside
(c)white on top and black on the inside
(d) printed with all the seven colours of rainbow

42. Which one of the following can be used to confirm whether drinking water contains a gamma emitting isotope or not?
(a) Spectrophotometer
(b) Microscope
(c) Scintillation counter
(d) Lead plate

43. The following processes take place during the
launching of a rocket:
1. Rocket fuel is burnt.
2. Gases are produced.
3. Rocket moves in the forward direction.
4. Gases come out with momentum in back ward direction.
The correct sequential order in which the above processes occur, is
(a) 1,2,3,4
(b) 1,3,2,4
(c) 1,2,4,3
(d) 1,3,4,2

44. A computer can be freely programmable
(a) if it is of a digital type
( if it is controlled synchronously
(c) if it contains a read only memory (ROM)
(d) if it contains a random access memory(RAM)

45. Which of the following polymers is widely used for making bullet proof material?
(a) Polyethylene
(b) Polyamides
(c) Polyvinyl chloride
(d) Polycarbonates

46. What is a flow chart in computer terminology?
(a) A graphical representation of a sequence of operations in a computer program
(b) A circular chart used for computer languages
(c) A debugging programme.
(d) None of these

47. A transistor is most likely to be found in a
(a)wrist watch
(b) fuse
(c)hearing aid
(d) fluorescent lamp

48. Ball bearings are used to reduce friction by
(a) applying lubricants to the balls used
(b) reducing the area of contact with the use of metallic balls
(c) increasing the area of contact with the use of metallic balls
(d)None of these

49. Aviation fuel for jet aeroplanes consists of purified
(a)petrol
(b) kerosene
(c)gasoline
(d) diesel

50. Recoil of a gun is an example of
(a) conservation of mass
(b) conservation of energy
(c) conversion of Potential Energy into Kinetic Energy
(d) conservation of linear momentum

ANSWERS:

1. D        2. C    3. B    4. B    5. C    6. D    7. D    8. B    9. B    10. C        11. D    12. D   
13. C    14. D    15. B    16. D    17. B    18. C    19. D        20. C    21. C    22. B    23. C   
24. B    25. B    26. A    27. D        28. C    29. B    30. C    31. C    32. D    33. A    34. C  
35. D        36. C       37. A    38. A    39. C    40. D    41. C    42. C    43. C    44. C    45. A       
46. A    47. C    48. B     49. A    50. D    

RURAL - URBAN POPULATION DISTRIBUTION

SCHEME AND SYLLABUS FOR RECRUITMENT TO THE POST OF SPECIAL RECRUITMENT FOR SC,ST BACKLOG VACANCIES (GROUP- I SERVICES)

SYLLABUS
GENERAL STUDIES AND MENTAL ABILITY
(SCREENING TEST – OBJECTIVE TYPE)
1. General Science – Contemporary developments in Science and Technology and their implications including matters of every day observation and experience, as may be expected of a well-educated person who has not made a special study of any scientific discipline.
2. Current events of national and international importance.
3. History of India – emphasis will be on broad general understanding of the subject in its social, economic, cultural and political aspects with a focus on AP Indian National Movement.
4. World Geography and Geography of India with a focus on AP.
5. Indian polity and Economy – including the country’s political system- rural development – Planning and economic reforms in India.
6. Mental ability – reasoning and inferences.
7. DISASTER MANAGEMENT (Source : CBSE Publications)
1. Concepts in disaster management and vulnerability profile of India / State of A.P.
2. Earth quakes / Cyclones / Tsunami / Floods / Drought – causes and effects.
3. Man made disasters - Prevention strategies.
4. Mitigation strategies / Mitigation measures

UPSC aspirants can now give interview in Indian Languages

The Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) in an important affidavit to Bombay High Court said that the Civil Services Exam aspirants can now give interviews in English, Hindi, or any Indian Language of their choice. This applies to candidates who opt for an Indian Language medium– other than Hindi– for the written Civil Services exam.
UPSC submitted the affidavit to the Bombay High Court in response to the PIL filed by IAS aspirant Chittaranjan Kumar. The IAS apirant challenged the existing rule that requires a candidate to give the interview in English, if he had appeared for the main examination in that language.
The recommendations have been suggested by an expert committee formed by UPSC to look into the issue and have been accepted by UPSC. The court was told that these suggestions have been forwarded to the Government with a request to send comments or observations. After hearing from the government, UPSC will incorporate necessary changes and implement them.
Chittaranjan Kumar, who appeared for the written part of the 2008 Civil Services examination in English, wanted to give the interview in Hindi. The PIL contended that the rule was pro-rich and anti-poor. It said the interviewers should judge a candidate on the basis of his or her personality and not on the basis of speaking English.
The PIL argued that if the existing rule is changed, the candidates appearing for Civil Services examination shall get an opportunity to speak in their own language in which they feel comfortable at the time of interview and thus score more marks in the verbal test.
This way, students from the grassroots level will grab more seats by securing higher rank and break the tradition of elites getting into the civil service, the PIL argued.

INDIAN HISTORY - FREEDOM STRUGGLE

India’s struggle for freedom had been a long drawnout battle. Though it actually began in the second half of the 19th century, isolated attempts were made in various parts of the country to being the British rule in India to an end about a century earlier. The real power in northern India passed into the hands of the British in 1757. The loss of independence provided the motive force for the struggle for freedom and Indians in different parts of the country began their efforts to throw off the voke of the alien rulers. It took over 100 years for the struggle to gain full momentum. Very seldom, however, during this period (1757 to 1857) was the country free from either civil or military disturbances and there was plenty of opposition, often from very substantial section of the common people.
Surprisingly enough, the opposition to foreign rule in early years came more from the peasants, labourers and the weaker sections of the society that from the educated bourgeois classes. Unscrupulous defiance of moral principle and the reckless exploitation of the masses that characterized the early activities of the traders made the rule of the East India Company hateful to the people. The proselytizing activities of the Christian missionaries were greatly resented all around. The deliberate destruction of Indian manufacturer and handicrafts aggravated agrarian misery and economic discontent. All these factors led to local resistance in different parts of this vast country which was basically united in its opposition to the British rule.
The uprisings of the Chuars in 1799 in the districts of Manbum, Bankura and Midnapore which took and alarming turn were master minded by the Rani of Midnapore. The Rani was taken prisoner on April 6, 1799 which only made the Chuars more furious. Equally important in the annals of India’s struggle for freedom is the rebellion of the Santhals (1855) occupying Rajmahal Hills against the British Government who in league –with the mahajans or money lenders oppressed the industrious people, there being even cases of molestation of women. Under the leadership of two brothers, Sidhu and Kanhu, ten thousand Santhals met in June 1855 and declared their intention to “take possession of the country and set up a government of their own”. In spite of the ruthless measures of the British Government to suppress them, the Santhals showed no signs of submission till February 1856 when their leaders were arrested and most inhuman barbarities were practiced on the Santhals after they were defeated.
We need not go into the details of many other revolts and disturbances throughout the country which have been the subject matter of many dissertations but it is apparent that there was a cry to “drive out the British” almost throughout the first century of the British rule in India.

Great Revolt of 1857
The British, however, refused to heed the warning or even to care for it as they had developed on over weaning confidence in their strength in India. Therefore when the Great Revolt of 1857 took place, they were completely stunned. It was the first organized attempt on the part of the Indians for the emancipation of their country. No doubt, the British came out victorious at the end but the Indians too gained in the sense that the movement became a symbol of inspiration and sacrifice for the subsequent generations.
The failure of the outbreak of 1857 opened a new phase in India’s struggle for freedom. The idea of open armed resistance against the British was at a discount, that it was not altogether discarded as is evident from the various rebellions which broke out in several parts of the country during the years 1859-1872. The most important of them were the Indigo Disturbances in Bengal, the movements of the Wahabis in Bihar, Bengal and other parts of the country and the Kuka in the Punjab.

Wahabi Movement
The great Wahabi Movement covered period of over 50 years and was spread from the North-West Frontier to Bengal and Bihar. It was not an ephemeral or sudden upheaval: without any definite aim or organization, like the Revolt of 1857. The movement continued well over forty years after the death of its leader Saiyid Ahmed in 1831. The British set over twenty expeditions before they were able to crush the movement. Important leaders of the movement-Yahya Ali, Ahmadullah, Amiruddin, Ibrahim Mandal, Rafique Mandal and their comrades were tried at the state trials of Ambala (1864), Patna (1865), Malda (Sept. 1870) and Rajmahal (October 1870), convicted and transported for life.

A similar movement known as the Faraizi Movement started in Bengal by Haji Shhariatullah of Faridpur made incumbent on its followers to carry on struggle against the political and economic exploitation of the foreigners. His son Dadu Miyan (1819-1860) asserted that the earth belonged to God and no one has the right to occupy it. The movement lost much of its vigour after the death of Dadu Miyan in 1860.

Kuka Movement
The Kuka Movement marked the first major reaction of the people in the Punjab to the new political order initiated by the British after 1849. the Namdhari Movement of which the Kuka Movement was the most important phase aimed at the overthrow of the British rule. Ram Singh, who became its leader in 1863, gave military training to his followers. It seemed inevitable that before long a clash would occur between the Kukas and the British Government. The clash actually occurred over the question of slaughter of cows. It started with murderous attacks on butchers of Amritsar and Raikot (Ludhiana District) in 1871 and culminated in the Kuka raid on Malerkotla on January 15, 1872. The Kuka outbreak of 1872 was visited by terrible punishment, which was equaled in brutality by few events in our history. A large number of kuka prisoners were blown to death with cannons, their leader Ram Singh was deported to Rangoon.

There were some of the militant movements which preceded the birth of the Indian National Congress. However it was the intellectual movement which now dominated politics. The political ideas and organizations which had taken root before 1857 now flowered into a new national or political consciousness. This was brought about by sudden revelation of India’s past glory through the works of foreign and Indian scholars and large scale ex-cavations carried out by Alexander Cunningham. The preachings of various associations such as the Arya Samaj, Theosophical Society and Ramakrishna Mission also helped in this process.

Arya Samaj
Founded in 1875 by Swami Dayanand Saraswati, the Arya Sabha played a notable role in the development of a new national consciousness among the Hindus. In fact, it became “the foremost agency for planting a sturdy independent nationalism in the Punjab”. Some of the important national leaders such as Lajpat Rai and Hans Raj were staunch Arya Samajists. It also provided a chain of educational institutions which became the centre of patriotic activities in the national struggle. Sir Valentine Chirol commented on the seditious role of the Arya Samaj that it “has sometimes barely disguised more than a merely Platonic desire to see the British quit India. “Sir Denzil Ibbetson was informed that “where-ever there was Arya Sanaj, it was the centre of seditious talk. “Sir Mechael O’Dwyer observed that “an enormous population of the Hindus convicted of seditions and other political offences from 1907 to present day (1925) are members of the Samaj.”

The Servants of India Society
The Servants of India Society was founded by Gokhale in 1905. About its mission he wrote; “The Servants of India Society will train man prepared to devote their lives to the cause of the country in a religious spirit and will seek to promote, by all constitutional means the national interests of the Indian people.” A member could be admitted to the Society only on the recommendation of the Council consisting of three ordinary members and the First Member (or President). Every membe4r was required to take seven vows at the time of enrolment and had to undergo training for a period of five years. The branches of the Society were soon opened in Madras (1910), Nagpur (1911), Bombay (1911) and Allahabad (1913) and centres for works were subsequently established in Ambala, Cuttack and Kozhikode. The official organ of the Society “The Servants of India” was started in 1918 and continued upto 1939. Besides involving itself in social service and educational activities, the Society co-operated with the Congress in the political sphere and helped her in the collection of funds. The Society continued the mission of its founder, after his demise, and enjoyed the patronage of such renowned persons as Hriday Nath Kunzru, A.D. Mani, and in recent times of Lal Bahadur Shastri.

Kumaran Asan and his Movement
In this connection reference may be made to another movement in the south which has received scant attention. Sri Narayana Guru and Kumaran Asan (1873-1924) led a movement in Kerala which made a great impact on the people, awakened them from their slumber and revolutionized the life of a large number of people. This socio-economic movement never found a legitimate place, even as a footnote in the nationalist history of India, mainly because of the ignorance or lack of appreciation of the movement south of the Vindhya ranges. Romain Rolland, in his book “The Life of Ramakrishna” refers to the personality of this “Great Guru whose beneficent spiritual activity was exercised for more than 40 years in the State of Travencore over some million faithful souls”. He preached, “if one may say so, afjnana of action, a great intellectual religious, having a lively sense of the people, and their social needs. It has greatly contributed to the uplifting of the oppressed classes in Southern India and its activities have in a measure been allied to those of Gandhi.” Asan’s poetry was an instrument and agent of the revolutionary movement and it has, therefore, to be studied against the historical circumstances which obtained in Kerala during those stirring years. He was a great social reformer and bellwether of a great social renaissance movement. The lower castes Cherumas, called ‘two-legged animals’, the Ezhevas and other depressed classes who had to pay “a tax for the hair he grew on his head, and each woman had to pay a breast tax. “Kumaran Asan, through his literary creations, effected tremendous transformations in the intellectual horizon of Kerala, and paved the way for “the regeneration of the society and growth of political rights and liberties.” Asan was equally concerned with the freedom of the country but believed that this goal could be reached only by passing through stages of social emancipation and inter-caste harmony.

Deoband Movement
Similarly the Deoband Movement started by some of the Muslim Ulemas after the failure of the Outbreak of 1857, held that it was incumbent upon the Muslims to drive the British out of the country. Contrary to the views of the Aligarh School led by Sir Syed Ahmed Khan, the followers of Deoband School associated with the Congress in its struggle for freedom.

Birsa Movement
The Birsa Movement of 1895 aimed at the overthrow of the British Raj and the establishment of the Munda Self-Government. It continued for 3 years even after the arrest of its leader Birsa in January 1898 who was deported to Ranchi. He renewed his activities after release and exhorted its followers to get rid of the foreign oppressors and establish their own rule. In the fight that ensured, about 2000 Mundas were killed, Birsa was captured and died in June 1900 while in jail.

Revolutionary Movement
Meanwhile the Indian National Congress founded in 1883 by Allan Octavian Hume (1829-1912) and others with the blessings of the then Viceroy Lord Dufferin was continuing its agitation on constitutional lines. However its critics regarded its policy as ‘Mendicant’, and a new wave of nationalism was sweeping over Bengal and Maharashtra. Its pioneer in Bengal was Bankim Chandra Chatterjee (1835-1894) the renowned author of Vande Mataram (Hail Mother) hymn. In Maharashtra the message of nationalism was preached by Bal Gangadhar Tilak whose political views were extremist. In the Punjab Lajpat Rai (1865-1928) and in Bengal, Bepin Chandra Pal (1858-1932) criticized the Congress, as its propaganda was confined to a few English educated classes. Swaraj (independence), Swadeshi (use of home-made goods) and boycott became the battle cry of these extremists. The climax was reached when Bangal was partitioned in 1905. The development of terrorism was a notable feature of this movement. Though the objective of the adherents of this movement was the same as that of the Indian National Congress, yet they differed in the methods to be adopted to achieve the goal. These revolutionaries had no faith in the constitutional means followed by the Congress, and had no hesitation to use arms. Their belief in the efficacy of the cult of violence was fortified by studies of the methods adopted by freedom fighters in the West. It was also accentuated by the severe measures of repression taken by the Government to crush the unarmed people’s aspirations for freedom.

The revolutionary movement in India which continued side by side with the Congress had its beginning in 1897 when two British officers. W. C. Rand and Lt. Aversi wee murdered by the two brothers Damodar and Balkrishna Chapekar who were sentenced to death in fact the first secret revolutionary society was organized by Wasudeo Balwant Phadke of Maharashtra who died in jail in 1883. The policy of repression adopted by the Government, especially after the Partition of Bengal, further strengthened this movement and led to the rise of a new party, later on known as the Revolutionary Party. The procurement of arms winning over of Indian solders serving under British Command, imparting military training to their cadres and open rebellion in case of a favourable international situation formed a part of their strategy. Arms and ammunition were also smuggled but as the revolutionaries and little capacity to pay, they extorted money from the rich and affluent. A network of secret societies were set up in different parts of the country, the most important being the Anusilan Samiti or the Society for the Promotion of Culture and Training, established by Berindra Kumar Ghose (brother of Aurobindo Ghose) in 1906 and Yugantar Samiti. V. D. Savarkar founded an association Abhiuava Bharat in 1904 in Maharashtra while Nilakanta Brahmachari organized a secret society in Madras. We need not go into details about the several cases of shooting of British officers by the young revolutionaries which led to the martyrdom of Khudiram Bose. Amir Chand, Avadh Behari, Bal Mukund, Basanta Kumar Biswas, Vanchi Aiyar, Ashfaqullah and many others. The Chittagong armoury raid led by Surya Sen in April 1930 was a daring exploit in the annals of the struggle for freedom. For these years after this raid the revolutionaries carried on their activities in spite of numcrous arrests. Hindustan Socialist Republican Association was quite active in the Punjab and U.P. Chandra Shekhar Azad of the favour Kakori Conspiracy Case and Bhagat singh of the Labore Conspiracy case whose names are household words belonged to this association. Reference may also be made to the establishment of secret revolutionary societies in the South by Remandha in Andhra Pradesh, Rangaraju in Madras and Krishna Kumar in Karnataka.
The revolutionaries from the very beginning realized the need for setting up centres of agitation and propaganda abroad. These foreign centres of agitation in U.K.France, Germany, USSR, the USA and Canada, etc. proved to be a thron in the flesh of imperial Britain, particularly during the First and the Second World Wars. Shyamji Krishna Varma, Madam Cama and Sardar Singh Raina were some of the leaders of this movement in London and France. In 1914 occurred the famous episode of Kamagata Maru which aroused deep anti-British feelings among the Indians settled in USA and Canada. In fact, it formed a part of the famous Ghadar Movement organized in America by Har Dayal, Bhai Permanand, Sohan Singh and others. The heroism and sacrifices of these revolutionaries served to keep alive the flame of patriotism during the dark days of British imperial rule.

Home Rule Movement
The cleavage between the two wings – the Extremists and the Moderates – of the Indian National Congress led to the launching of what is known as the Home Rule Movement independently both by Tilak and Annie Besant. Swaraj or independence, the goal of Nationalism became the war cry of the Home Rule Movement. Annie Besant founded the Home Rule League in 1916 and edited two journals, The New India and the Commonweal. It was at the call of this crusader for India’s freedom that Sarojini Naidu decided to enter into active politics and joined the Home Rule League. Indeed the triumphant career of Home Rule Movement made the British Government nervous. Tilak’s direct appeal to the people in a language easily understood by them ushered in a movement of incalculable potentiality. The Home Rule Movement marked the beginning of a new phase in India’s struggle for freedom. It placed before the country a concrete scheme of self-government. It also emphasized that entire national resources should be utilized to attain freedom and all national efforts should be geared to this one specific purpose.

Indian National Liberal Federation
At the end of the World War I, the British Government formulated a scheme of reforms which was known as the Montague-Chelmsford Reforms and embodied in the Government of India Act 1919. While the Congress at its session held at Bombay in 1918 under the Presidentship of Hasan Imam condemned the proposals as “disappointing and unsatisfactory”, the Moderates found them to be acceptable and formed what is known as the Indian National Liberal Federation. The Liberal leaders dis-associated themselves from the Congress and declared that the Reform as a great constitutional advance even without any modification and extended its support to the Government to make them a success.

Khilafat Movement
Gandhiji had now taken over the stewardship of the Congress after his return from South Africa. He too was at first in favour of making these reforms work but certain factors, particularly the economic trouble due to hike in prices and oppressive taxation accentuated the hardship of the people.
Shaukat Ali and Mohammed Ali, the two brothers, and Maulana Abul Kalam Azad organized the Khilafat Movement on the question of dismemberment of Turkey after her defeat in World War 1. The Ulemas of Deoband and Firangi Mahal and Hakim Ajmal Khan zealously participated in the Movement.
Though basically a congregation of Ulemas, the Khilafat Movement also contained in its rank and leadership men of diverse political persuasions nationalists, revolutionary nationalists, and even Communists and Bolsheviks. They were all combined in their hatred of British rule. Gandhiji wholeheartedly supported the Khilafat Movement which provided a rare opportunity to bring Hindas and Muslims closer. He launched a Non-co-operation Movement (1920-22) on a mass scale to compel the British to grant independence to India, and to rectify the wrong done to Turkey. Gandhiji’s appeal brought forth an amazing response. People defied the law and about thirty thousand people were arrested. The British Government adopted repressive measures and declared both the Congress and the Khilafat organisaations unlawful. However, there was a case of mob violence at Chauri Chaura in U.P. resulting in the death of a few policemen which led Gandhiji to suspend the movement.

Moplah Movement
The Moplah outbreak of 1921 in the wake of Khilapat agitation also deserves to be mentioned. The Moplahs roes in revolt in Malabar, killed British officers and declared the establishment of Swaraj. However in the process Moplahs were also guilty of acts of forcible conversion of Hindus and looting of their property. The British Government came down with a heavy hand, and in the fierce fighting that followed about 3,000 Moplahs were killed, and another batch of seventy died in horrible conditions due to asphyxiation as they were being conveyed by train without any arrangement for ventilation.

Akali Movement
While the Non-Co-operation Movement was still progressing and Gandhiji was in prison, a new wave of discontent spread in the Punjab due to the Akali agitation. The religio-political struggle of the Akalis primarily directed against the priests and the mahants eventually turned against the British and lasted for over 5 years (1920-1925). About 30,000 men and women courted arrest, 400 of them died and about 2,000 were wounded. The Congress gave active support to movement which led to political awakening in the Punjab and henceforward the Sikhs played a notable role in the country’s struggle for freedom. Though a martial race, the Sikhs too adopted the Congress creed of non-violent non-co-operation. In fact, the Akali movement took a turn as a struggle for the liberation of the country which brought all sections of the people, the Hindus, Sikhs and Muslims together and it helped them to form a united front against the foreign rulers.

Babbar Akali Movement
In the wake of the Akali Movement came the Babbar Akali Movement, an underground terrorist movement in 1921 mostly in the Jullundur Doab, the territory between Satluj and the Beas. Its aim was to overthrow the British Government by a campaign of murders and terrorism in the Punjab. They committed a number of acts of violence and fought pitched battles against the police. Many of them were killed in encounters, while out of 67 arrested, 5 were sentenced to death, 11 to transportation for life and 38 to various terms of imprisonment. The movement of the Babbars was short-lived but because of its intensity, it set a noble examble of supreme sacrifice.
1923-24 was a critical period in the history of Indian nationalism. There was considerable deterioration in Hindu-Muslim relations and rise in communal tension leading to riots at some places. The power of the Muslim League had increased which obliged the nationalist Muslims to join hands to combat it.

All-India Muslim Nationalist Party
To counter the Muslim League programme against the Congress, the nationalist Muslims formed a party called the All-India Muslim Nationalist Party on 27 July 1929 with Abul Kalam Azad as President, Dr. Ansari as treasurer and T.A.K. Sherwani as Secretary. Its objective was to fight communalism and exhort Muslim to take their due share in India’s struggle for freedom.

Khudai Khidmatgar Movement
Khudai Khidmatgars was an organization of the Pathans of the North-West Frontier Province which supported the Congress in its struggle for freedom. It was in September 1929 that Abdul Ghaffar Khan started the Frontier Provincial Youth League known as the Naujavan-i-sarhad, the Khudai Khidmatgars were a body of volunteers forming part of the youth League which was intended to improve the religious, Financial and educational conditions of the people of the province. Perhaps due to its earlier association with the Communities its members wore Red Shirts but Abdul Ghaffar Khan came under the influence of Mahatma Gandhi and adopted the aims and objectives of the Congress in 1929. Since then this organization took part in all the activities of the Congress and followed its programme and policies.

Ahrar Movement
The nationalist Muslims started another organization called the All-India Majlis-i-Ahrar-i-Islam in 1931 to work for the attamment of independence through constitutional means. Its followers supported the Congress and worked for the economic, educational and political advancement of Muslims. The influence of the Ahrars was, however, mostly confined to the province of Punjab. The total numbers of Ahrars according to the official records was not more than 3,000 in 1946.

All Parties Muslim Unity Conference
The Ulemas and the nationalist Muslims constituted in 1933 what is known as the All-Parties Muslim Unity Conference with the avowed objectives of respect for Islam and to strive for unity with other communities and to organize various seats of Islam to play their role in the country’s struggle for freedom. Its members included some followers of Jamiat-ul-Ulema-i-Hind. Shia community, and of the All-India Muslim Conference.

Swarajya Party
Meanwhile the reforms of 1919 had been put into effect and the legislative bodies had been enlarged. But there was a sharp difference of opinion among the Congress leaders over the question of participating in the Councils and other legislative bodies. Some of the important leaders such as C.R. Das and Motilal Nehru advocated “Council entry” for wrecking the Councils from within. The majority did not approve of it. Therefore the pre-Council group formed the Swarajya Party in 1923 with Deshbandhu C. R. Das as President and Motilal Nehru as Secretary. The new party contested the elections; they had some success in so far as they were able to convince the Government that the system of diarchy introduced in the Provinces was unworkable. The main objective of wrecking the Councils from within, however, was not fulfilled and the influence of the Swarajya Party on Indian politics suffered a decline, especially after the death of C. R. Das in June 1925. It will be interesting to discuss in detail the rise and fall of this party which was, of course, an off-shoot of the Congress.

All Parties Conference
In reply to a challenge from the Secretary of State that India could not produce an agreed constitution, an All-Parties Conference under the Chairmanship of Pandit Motilal Nehru, prepared a scheme according to which India should be given Dominion Status by the end of 1929. The Congress accepted it but as there was no favourable response from the Government, the Congress at its session held at Lahore in December 1929, under the Presidentship of Jawaharlal Nehru declared that complete independence was the goal. This led to the lunching of the Civil Disobedience Movement by Gandhiji in March 1930. However, Gandhi-Irwin Pact led to suspension of the Movement and Congress participation in the Round Table-Conference in London.

Congress Socialist Party
The suspension of Civil Disobedience Movement in July 1933 led to the polarization of the Congress between the Right and the Left. Jawaharlal Nehru’s speeches and writings at the time clearly showed his inclination towards the latter. The consolidation of the left forces became inevitable after the Conference of the Congress leaders at Delhi in 1934 when it was decided by the majority to revive the All-India Swarajya Party for the purpose of contesting elections to the Assemblies, Gandhiji too had given his approval to Council entry. However, its General Secretary, Sampurnnand made it clear that “while drafting his tentative socialist programme he had consistently tried to keep before his eyes India’s cultural, historical, political and economic background making no attempt to follow Leninism which recognized socialism as a secular concept comprehending such principles as the dictatorship of the proletariat; class war and the classless society. The goal of his party was complete independence, Sampurnanand’s programme included abolition of Zamindari with due compensation, nationalization of key industries, etc. The main leaders of the party were Acharya Narendra Deo, Jayaprakash Narayan, Abdul Bari, M. R. Masani, C. C. Banerji, Farid Huq, Ram Manohar Lohia, Mrs. Kamaladevi Chattopadhyaya and Achyut Patwardhan. This party was against the growing influence of the Communist Party. The Congress Socialist Party endorsed the stand of the Indian National Congress during World War II and refused to change its stand even after Russia Had Joined the Allies. Jayaprakash Narayan, as we all know, played such an important role in the Quit India Movement of 1942.

All India Communist Party
The influence of the Communist ideas made itself felt in India shortly after the Russian Revolution in 1917. And as early as 1920 the Communist Party of the USSR decided “to take concrete measures to spread revolution in the East.” M. N. Roy a member of the Executive Committee of the Communist International was responsible for sending Indian communist trained in Russia to spread communist ideology in India and set up its centres. However his efforts met with no conspicuous success till the Communist Party of Britain took up the matter and sent some agents to India; Philip Spratt being the most important.

By 1924 the Communist propaganda had made considerable headway. The British Government felt alarmed and instituted the Cawnpore (Kanpur) Conspiracy case against some of the prominent leaders including S. A. Dange. Muzaffar Ahmed, Shaukat Usmani and Nalini Gupta who were all convicted and sent to jail. However, within a few years the Communist leaders in India with the help of the agents from Britain reorganized the Party and defined its goal as the overthrow of the British Government in India. A Workers and Peasants Party was formed in the United Provinces and its branches were also opened in Bombay and Bengal besides several towns of U.P.

The Trade Union formed under the auspices of the Communist Party continued to play an important role in demonstrations against the British Government. The main thesis of the Communist Party in 1930s aimed at a proletariat urban revolution to start with and once it was achieved to extend it to rural areas. This was to be achieved through the transformation of individual strikes such as those of peasants against rents, debts, etc. into All-India movement and spread revolutionary propaganda amongst the police and the army. By these means the Communist also worked for the overthrow of the British rule and achieve independence for India. The efforts of some of the Communist leaders as M. N. Roy to form a united front with congress leaders like Jawaharlal Nehru, Subhas Chandra Bose and Mahatma Gandhi for achieving Indian independence and the stiff opposition it encountered from others such as Adhikari, P.C.Joshi is an interesting subject of study for detailed and critical discussion. However, a leftist united front could not be formed due to the loyalty of the CPI to the Communist International. The Communist policy of infiltration led to the resignation of such Congress socialists such as Masani, Ashok Mehta, Ram Manohar Lohia and Achyut Patwardhan. The communist Party, however, continued to lend its support to the mass movements launched by the Congress till 1942 when it decided to call off its agitation due to involvement of Russian in the was in support of the Allies. However, as the confidential records of the Government of India reveal that it remained linked with the main currents of nationalism to the extent possible. It took her six months to change from its anti-war policy to its new pro-war line and even then it did not give up its demand of independence of India from British rule.

Radical Democratic Party
A brief reference may be made here to the Radical Democratic Party formed by M. N. Roy in August 1940 after he left the Congress along with his followers. He believed that he would be able to convince the British Government to form coalition ministries by combining the anti Congress elements in the various provinces. The war, he thought would be prolonged and would thus leave the Britain exhausted. It would provide him with an opportunity to launch a mass movement and wrest power from the British. However, “his strenuous efforts to rope in anti war groups and parties failed and the confidential note of the Government described him as a ‘political adventurer’ who had grown from a romantic terrorist and anti-British agitator into an ardent communist and anti-imperialist and now into an anti-fascist.” He failed to persuade the Government to form coalition ministries but continued to help them in encouraging production by persuading the labourers not to go on strike.

All-India Trade Union Congress
In India, the national leaders soon came to realize the importance of industrial strikes to force the Government to meet their political demands. As early as 1908 the followers of Tilak had created a great furor among the mull workers of Bombay by informing that the leader had been arrested for advocating their cause. The first All-India Trade Union Congress was, however, inaugurated in Bombay in December 1920 by Swami Shradhanand and was presided over by Lajpat Rai. The Congress continued to meet annually and even representatives from abroad attended some of its sessions. The Communists had no doubt gained considerable influence in this organization but were not able to get support for their stand in 1942. But by 1943 when the membership of the AITUC rose to 4,70,000 workers organize in 401 unions, the Communists representation stood at 70 per cent.

Hindustan Mazdur Sevak Sangh
Gulzarilal Nanda who looked after the Congress interests in the organization announced the formation of the Hindustan Mazdur Sevak Sangh with the concurrence of Gandhiji, Vallabhbhai Patel was to be the President. Every member was enjoined to sign a pledge which forbade association with any party which countenanced the use of violent means or aimed at the establishment of dictatorial or sectional control of the political or economic life of the country. It clearly excluded the communists who might have been the ordinary members of the Congress. Thus the Congress had clearly marked its entry in the labour field. Its leaders now made full use of the pro-war attitude of the Communists and won over considerable following in the labour circles.

Forward Bloc
Soon after his resignation from the Presidentship of the Indian National Congress on 3 May 1939. Subhas Chandra Bose formed what is known as the Forward Bloc. Its main objective was attainment of complete independence and establishment of a modern socialist state, promoting social ownership and state control of large-scale industrial production for economic development, freedom of worship, social justice and equal rights for individuals regardless of creed or sex. It became a party at its Nagpur session on 18 June, 1940 and attempted a form a left consolidated front but the Communist Party of India and the Congress Socialist Party did not join it. However, it collaborated with the All-India Kisan Sabha and was against any compromise with the British Government. In the then prevailing situation, it advocated collaboration with Italy, Germany and Japan to get rid of the imperialists British rule.

All-India Kisan Sabha

The All India Kisan Sabha, mainly a peasants’ organization with Swami Sahajanand as its President was subject to the influence of Congress Socialist Party and the Communist Party of India. During the World War II it followed its programme of no-tax campaign, occupation of Bakasht land in Bihar; travel in railways without tickets and anti-recruitment drive in the rural areas. It completely aligned itself with the Forward Bloc and stood for no compromise with the imperialist British Government and complete independence.

Fifteenth Lok Sabha Members Party wise

Total Members=548Vacant Constituencies=2

S.No.	Name of Party	Member	Leader
1	Indian National Congress(INC)	207	Shri Pranab Mukherjee
2	Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP)	115	Smt. Sushma Swaraj
3	Samajwadi Party(SP)	22	Shri Mulayam Singh Yadav
4	Bahujan Samaj Party(BSP)	21	Shri Dara Singh Chauhan
5	Janata Dal (United) (JD(U))	20	Shri Ram Sundar Das
6	All India Trinamool Congress(AITC)	19	Km. Mamata Banerjee
7	Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam(DMK)	18	Shri T.R.Baalu
8	Communist Party of India (Marxist)(CPI(M))	16	Shri Basudeb Acharia
9	Biju Janata Dal(BJD)	14	Shri Arjun Charan Sethi
10	Shiv Sena(SS)	11	Shri Anant G. Geete
11	All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam(AIADMK)	9	Dr. M. Thambidurai
12	Independent(Ind.)	9	Shri Dinesh Yadav
13	Nationalist Congress Party(NCP)	9	Shri Sharad Pawar
14	Telugu Desam Party(TDP)	6	Shri Nama Nageswara Rao
15	Rashtriya Lok Dal(RLD)	5	-
16	Communist Party of India(CPI)	4	Shri Gurudas Dasgupta
17	Rashtriya Janata Dal(RJD)	4	Shri Lalu Prasad
18	Shiromani Akali Dal(SAD)	4	Dr. Rattan Singh Ajnala
19	Jammu and Kashmir National Conference(J&KNC)	3
20	Janata Dal (Secular)(JD(S))	3
21	All India Forward Bloc(AIFB)	2	Shri Narahari Mahato
22	Jharkhand Mukti Morcha(JMM)	2
23	Muslim League Kerala State Committee(MLKSC)	2	Shri E. Ahamed
24	Revolutionary Socialist Party(RSP)	2
25	Telangana Rashtra Samithi(TRS)	2	Shri K. Chandrasekhar Rao
26	All India Majlis-E-Ittehadul Muslimeen(AIMIM)	1	Shri Asaduddin Owaisi
27	All India United Democratic Front(AIUDF)	1	Shri Badruddin Ajmal
28	Asom Gana Parishad(AGP)	1	Shri Joseph Toppo
29	Bahujan Vikas Aaghadi(BVA)	1	Shri Jadhav Baliram Sukur
30	Bodoland Peoples Front(BPF)	1	Shri Sansuma Khunggur Bwiswmuthiary
31	Jharkhand Vikas Morcha (Prajatantrik)(JVM (P))	1	Shri Babu Lal Marandi
32	Kerala Congress (M) (KC(M))	1	Shri Jose K. Mani
33	Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam(MDMK)	1	Shri Ganeshamurthi A.
34	Nagaland Peoples Front(NPF)	1	Shri C.M. Chang
35	Sikkim Democratic Front(SDF)	1	Shri Prem Das Rai
36	Swabhimani Paksha(SWP)	1	Shri Raju Shetti
37	Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi(VCK)	1	Shri Thirumaavalavan Thol
38	Yuvajana Sramika Tythu Congress Party(YSRCONG)	1	Y.S. Jagan Mohan Reddy

INDIAN POLITY MCQs

1.Total number of members in a Legislative Council should not exceed that of a Legislative Assembly ?
(a) 40182
(b) 40181
(c) 40212
(d) 40180
Answer: 40181
2. For those Union Territories, which have no Legislative Councils of their own, laws are passed by
(a) Parliament
(b) Appointed Administrator
(c) Union Ministry
(d) President
Answer: Parliament
 3. The Rajya Sabha can be dissolved by
(a) Constitutional amendement
(b) President
(c) None of these
(d) Lok Sabha
Answer: None of these
4.  The first woman film star nominated/elected to the Rajya Sabha was
(a) Nargis Dutt
(b) Jayalalitha
(c) Vijayanthimala
(d) Hema Malini
Answer; Nargis Dutt
5. Which of the following bills cannot be introduced first in the Rajya Sabha ?
(a) Bills pertaining to the removal of the President by impeachment
(b) Bills pertaining to the powers of the Supreme Court ot State Judiciary
(c) Bills bringing a state under the President's Rule.
(d) Money Bills
Answer: Money Bills
6.  A party having 36 members will avoid disqualification under the provisions of the Anti Defection Law if the number of members crossing the floor is at least
(a) 12
(b) 18
(c) 8
(d) 9
Answer: 12
7.  Collective responsibility of the Cabinet was introduced in India by the
(a) Minto-Morley Reforms
(b) Independence Act, 1947
(c) Constitution of India
(d) Government of India Act, 1935
Answer: Constitution of India
8.  In which of the following systems of Government, can the Government be removed through no-confidence motion passed by the Parliament ?
(a) Federal
(b) Unitary
(c) Parliamentry
(d) Presidential
Answer; Parliamentry
9. An ordinance promulgated by the President
(a) Will lapse automatically after 2 months
(b) Will continue to be in force till is superseded by an Act of the Parliament
(c) Will automatically become a law after 6 months
(d) Will lapse on the expiration of 6 weeks from the meeting of the Parliament
Answer: Will lapse on the expiration of 6 weeks from the meeting of the Parliament
10. The President can promulgated an ordinance
(a) When there is a conflict between the two Houses regarding a particular bill
(b) When a bill passed by the Lok Sabha is not passed by the Rajya Sabha
(c) When both the Houses of the Parliament are not in session.
(d) When the Lok Sabha has been dissolved
Answer: When both the Houses of the Parliament are not in session.
11.  If a Minister of a state wants to resign, to whom he should address the letter of resignation ?
(a) Governor of the State
(b) Leader of his political party
(c) Chief Minister
(d) Speaker of Vidhan Sabha
Answer: Chief Minister
 12. A member of Lok Sabha has to ask a question in the Parliament which has been listed as a starred question. To this he will be given
(a) No answer
(b) An immediate answer
(c) A written answer
(d) An oral answer
Answer; A written answer
13. Amongst the following for whose removal Parliament's resolution is not needed ?
(a) Judge of Supreme Court
(b) Comptroller and Auditor General
(c) Chief Election Commissioner
(d) Governor of a State
Answer: Judge of Supreme Court
14.  When the Governor receives a Bill passed by the State Legislative Assembly, which of the following courses would be most appropriate for the Governor as an agent of the Centre ?
(a) Exercise veto over the Bill
(b) Refer the Bill to the President
(c) Give assent to the Bill
(d) Keep the Bill pending
Answer: Refer the Bill to the President
15.  To which of the following Bills the President must accord his sanction without sending it back for fresh consideration ?
(a) Finance Bills
(b) Bill seeking Amendment to the Constitution
(c) Ordinary Bills
(d) Bills passed by both the Houses of the Parliament
Answer: Finance Bills
16. In the case of a conflict between the Centre and a State in respect of a subject included in the Concurrent List
(a) The law which had been passed first would prevail
(b) The Union Law prevails
(c) The State Law prevails
(d) The matter is resolved by the Supreme Court
Answer; The Union Law prevails
17. Who is the highest Law Officer of a state ?
(a) Attorney General
(b) Secretary General Law Department
(c) Solicitor General
(d) Advocate General
Answer: Advocate General
18.  What is zero hour ?
(a) When a Money Bill is introduced in the Lok Sabha
(b) When matters of utmost importance are raised
(c) When the proposals of the opposition are considered
(d) Interval between the morning and afternoon sessions
Answer: When matters of utmost importance are raised
19. The Deputy Chairman of the Rajya Sabha can be removed by a resolution
(a) None of these
(b) Passed by a simple majority of its total member present
(c) Passed by 2/3rd majority of its total members present
(d) Moved by Rajya Sabha but passed by Lok Sabha
Answer: Passed by a simple majority of its total member present
20. A Bill refferred to a joint sitting of the two Houses of the Parliament is to be passed by
(a) 3/4th majority
(b) Absolute majority of total membership
(c) A simple majority
(d) 2/3rd majority
Answer: A simple majority
21. Which of the following Bills was discussed in the Lok Sabha but was withdraw before it could be discussed in the Rajya Sabha ?
(a) Benami Transaction Bill
(b) Hill Council Bill
(c) Newspaper Employees Bill
(d) Defamation Bill
Answer: Defamation Bill
22. Which of the following has benned floor crossing by the members elected on a party ticket to the legislature ?
(a) National Security Act
(b) Maintenance of Internal Security Act
(c) 52nd Constitution Amendment Act
(d) People's Representation Act
Answer: 52nd Constitution Amendment Act
23.  As decided by the Government of India, a member of Parliament would get what amount of money to spend on development activities in his/her constituency ?
(a) Rs 1 crore
(b) Rs 2 crore
(c) Rs 1 lakh
(d) Rs 10 lakh
Answer: Rs 1 crore
24. The maximum strength of Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha respectively is
(a) 500 and 250
(b) 537 and 275
(c) 525 and 238
(d) 545 and 250
Answer: 545 and 250
25. Anglo Indian representatives in the Lok Sabha are nominated in terms of the Article
(a) 80
(b) 333
(c) 370
(d) 331
Answer: 331
26. The question of disqualification of a member of the State Legislature shall be decided by
(a) The Governor in consultation with the Election Commission
(b) State Legislative Assembly
(c) The Governor in consultation with the President
(d) State Legislative Council
Answer: The Governor in consultation with the Election Commission
27. The Union President can directly disallow a State Legislation
(a) In case of any bill
(b) Both (b) and ( c ) above
(c) In case of money bills
(d) In case of bills reserved by the Governor for President's assent
Answer: In case of bills reserved by the Governor for President's assent
28. Who among the following has the final power to maintain order within the House of People ?
(a) Speaker
(b) Chief of Security Staff
(c) Prime Minister
(d) Marshal of the House
Answer: Speaker
29.  Who among the following fixes the salaries and the allowances of the Speaker of Lok Sabha ?
(a) Council of Ministers
(b) Cabinet
(c) Parliament
(d) President
Answer: Parliament
30. When the Lok Sabha is dissolved, the Speaker continues in office till a new
(a) Government is formed
(b) Speaker is elected when the new House meets
(c) Lok Sabha is formed
(d) Speaker is appointed by the President
Answer: Speaker is elected when the new House meets
31. If a member of Parliament voluntarily acquires the citizenship of a foreign country,
(a) He will be penalized
(b) He will have a choice of renouncing either
(c) He will continue to be a member of Parliament
(d) He will be disqualified from membership
Answer: He will be disqualified from membership
32. Which of the following is also called the House of Elders ?
(a) Lok Sabha
(b) Vidhan Sabha
(c) Rajya Sabha
(d) Gram Sabha
Answer; Lok Sabha
33. The Chairman of the Public Accounts Committee of the Parliament is appointed by
(a) Speaker of Lok Sabha
(b) Finance Minister
(c) Prime Minister
(d) President
Answer: Speaker of Lok Sabha
34. Who among the following is a legal advisor of the State Government as provided by the Constitution ?
(a) Attorney General
(b) Public Prosecutor
(c) Solicitor General
(d) Advocate General
Answer: Public Prosecutor
35. Members of the Union Public Service Commission can function as members upto the age of
(a) 58 years
(b) 65 years
(c) 62 years
(d) 60 years
Answer: 60 years
36. The rank of the different Ministers in the Union Council of Ministers is determined by the
(a) Speaker of Lok Sabha
(b) President
(c) Prime Minister
(d) Cabinet Secretary
Answer: President
37. The Legislative Council in a state can be created or disbanded by the
(a) State Legislative Assembly alone
(b) President on recommendation of the Governor
(c) Parliament alone
(d) Parliament on recommendation of the State Legislature
Answer: State Legislative Assembly alone
38. The maximum number of Anglo Indians who can be nominated to the Lok Sabha are
(a) 3
(b) 4
(c) 5
(d) 2
Answer: 2
39. In the case of disagreement on a Bill, in the two Houses of Parliament
(a) A special Parliamentary Committee is formed to resolve the situation.
(b) The President casts a deciding vote.
(c) The Prime Minister intervenes.
(d) A joint sitting of the two Houses of Parliament is convened
Answer; A joint sitting of the two Houses of Parliament is convened
40. What is the maximum number of elected members in a State Assembly ?
(a) 500
(b) 600
(c) 250
(d) 300
Answer: 500
41.  Which of the following is not correct regarding a Money Bill ?
(a) It can be passed by the Lok Sabha even if the Rajya Sabha rejects it.
(b) It requires the prior approval of the President.
(c) It is deemed to have been passed by both Houses if it is not returned by the Rajya Sabha within 14 days.
(d) It can be introduced in either House of Parliament
Answer: It can be introduced in either House of Parliament
42.  Which parliamentary committee in India is normally chaired by a prominent member of the Opposition ?
(a) Estimates Committee
(b) Privileges Committee
(c) Public Accounts Committee
(d) Committee on Government Assurances
Answer: Public Accounts Committee
43.  Who presides over the Lok Sabha if neither the Speaker nor the Deputy Speaker is available ?
(a) A member of the House of People appointed by the President
(b) The senior most member of the Rajya Sabha.
(c) A member chosen by Council of Ministers.
(d) The senior most member of the Lok Sabha.
Answer; The senior most member of the Lok Sabha.
44. Who is the ex-officio Chairman of Rajya Sabha ?
(a) President
(b) Leader of Opposition
(c) Minister of Parliamentary Affairs
(d) Vice- President
Answer: Vice- President
45. When a bill passed by Parliament is sent to the President for his assent, which option is not true to him ?
(a) He may return it to Parliament for reconsideration .
(b) He may amend it.
(c) He may decline to sign it
(d) He may sign it
Answer: He may decline to sign it
46. The Union Territories get representation in
(a) Rajya Sabha
(b) None of these
(c) Both Houses of Parliament
(d) Lok Sabha
Answer; Both Houses of Parliament
47. The Secretary General of the Lok Sabha Who is the Chief of its Secretariat is
(a) Elected by both Houses of Parliament
(b) Appointed by the President
(c) Appointed by the Speaker
(d) Elected by the Lok Sabha
Answer: Appointed by the Speaker
48. The Joint Parliament Committee to examine irregularities and fraudulent manipulations of the Securities Scam consists of
(a) 15 members of Lok Sabha and 15 of Rajya Sabha
(b) 30 members of Lok Sabha and 30 of Rajya Sabha
(c) 20 members of Lok Sabha and 10 of Rajya Sabha
(d) 25 members of Lok Sabha and 15 of Rajya Sabha
Answer: 20 members of Lok Sabha and 10 of Rajya Sabha
49. How many members of the Rajya Sabha are nominated by the President of India ?
(a) 13
(b) 12
(c) 10
(d) 11
Answer: 12
50. The Speaker of the Lok Sabha may be removed from his office, if the House of the People passes a resolution to this effect by
(a) Absolute majority of all the then members of the House
(b) Simple majority of members present and voting and absolute majority of all the then members of the House
(c) 2/3rd majority of members present and voting.
(d) Simple majority of members present and voting
Answer: Absolute majority of all the then members of the House
51. In the case of a deadlock between the two Houses of the Parliament, the joint sitting is presided over by the
(a) Member of the Lok Sabha specifically elected for the purpose
(b) Speaker of Lok Sabha
(c) President
(d) Vice- President
Answer: Speaker of Lok Sabha
52. The Chairman of the Rajya Sabha is
(a) Nominated by the President
(b) Elected by Parliament and State Legislatures jointly
(c) Elected by members of both Houses of Parliament
(d) Elected by the members of Rajya Sabha
Answer: Elected by members of both Houses of Parliament
53. The time gap between two sessions of the Parliament should not exceed
(a) 3 months
(b) 1 year
(c) 9 months
(d) 6 months
Answer: 6 months
54. Joint sittings of the two Houses of Parliament are held to
(a) Elect the President of India
(b) Adopt a Constitution amending Bill
(c) Elect the Vice President of India
(d) Consider and pass a bill on which two Houses disagree
Answer: Consider and pass a bill on which two Houses disagree
55. One third of the members of the Rajya Sabha retire after every
(a) Second year
(b) Fifth year
(c) One year
(d) Third year
Answer: Second year
 56. A money bill passed by the Lok Sabha has to be passed by Rajya Sabha within
(a) 3 months
(b) 14 days
(c) 21 days
(d) 1 month
Answer: 14 days
57. Which of the following is not a Standing Committee of the Parliament ?
(a) Estimates Committee
(b) Committee on Public Undertakings
(c) Committee on Welfare of SC's and ST's
(d) Committee on Public Accounts
Answer: Committee on Public Accounts
58. For raising Half-an-Hour discussion in a House of Parliament, a notice in writing has to be given to the
(a) Secretary of Department of Parliamentary Affairs
(b) Minister concerned
(c) Secretary General of the House
(d) Presiding Officer of the House
Answer; Secretary General of the House
59. What is the minimum age for election / appointment as member of the Rajya Sabha ?
(a) 25 years
(b) 40 years
(c) 30 years
(d) 35 years
Answer: 30 years
60. Parliament of India is composed of
(a) Lok Sabha, Rajya Sabha and President
(b) Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha
(c) Lok Sabha only
(d) Rajya Sabha only
Answer: Lok Sabha, Rajya Sabha and President
61.  Maximum number of M.P.s from backward communities are elected from which state ?
(a) Rajasthan
(b) Bihar
(c) Madhya Pradesh
(d) Nagaland
Answer: Bihar
62.  In Parliamentary government, Ministers remain in office so long as they enjoy
(a) Confidence of the popular chamber of legislature
(b) Popular support
(c) Confidence of the upper house of the legislature
(d) Support of the armed forces
Answer; Confidence of the popular chamber of legislature
63. A bill for alteration of boundaries of states shall not be introduced in the Parliament without the recommendation of
(a) The legislatures of the states concerned
(b) President
(c) The presiding officers of both Houses of Parliament
(d) Supreme Court
Answer: The legislatures of the states concerned
64. What type of Party system has been evolved in India ?
(a) Single Party
(b) Party less
(c) Bi- party
(d) Multi - Party
Answer: Multi - Party
64. Amongst the questions allowed by the Speaker, which one is regarded as the most important ?
(a) Starred
(b) Supplementary
(c) Short Notice
(d) Unstarred
Answer: Short Notice
66. When can the Speaker exercise his right to vote in the House ?
(a) Whenever the House desires
(b) Whenever his party directs
(c) Only in the event of equality of votes
(d) Whenever he desires
Answer; Only in the event of equality of votes
67. According to the Constitution of India the maximum number of members representing the Union Territories in the Lok Sabha cannot exceed
(a) 20
(b) 25
(c) 10
(d) 15
Answer: 20
68. The Government has set up a high power Committee of 20 members of Lok Sabha and 10 members of Rajya Sabha to examine
(a) Securities scam
(b) Sharing of river water
(c) Protection of Human rights
(d) Protection of environment
Answer: Securities scam
69. In the absence of the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker, who presides over the deliberations of the Lok Sabha ?
(a) Oldest members of the House
(b) One of the members of the House out of a panel of six persons nominated by the Speaker
(c) Prime Minister
(d) Home Minister
Answer: One of the members of the House out of a panel of six persons nominated by the Speaker
70. What is the minimum age for being the member of the Parliament ?
(a) 45 years
(b) 50 years
(c) None of these
(d) 40 years
Answer; None of these
71. Which of the following non-members of Parliament has the right to address it ?
(a) Chief Election Commissioner
(b) Comptroller and Auditor General
(c) Attorney General of India
(d) Solicitor- General of India
Answer: Attorney General of India
72. How many members of the Lok Sabha must support a motion of no confidence in the government, before it can be admitted by the Speaker ?
(a) 50
(b) 35
(c) 20
(d) 25
Answer: 50
73. The Constitution of India does not mentioned the post of
(a) The Deputy Chairman of the Rajya Sabha
(b) The Deputy Speaker of the State Legislative Assemblies.
(c) The Deputy Speaker of the Lok Sabha
(d) The Deputy Prime Minister
Answer: The Deputy Prime Minister
74. To be a member of the Lok Sabha a person has to be
(a) 25 years
(b) 21 years
(c) 27 years
(d) 30 years
Answer; 25 years
75. Appointment of the members of the Council of Ministers is made by the President
(a) In his own discretion
(b) On the advice of the Chief Justice of Supreme Court
(c) On the advice of the Vice- President
(d) On the advice of the Prime Minister
Answer: On the advice of the Prime Minister
76. Who administers the oath of office to the President ?
(a) Speaker of Lok Sabha
(b) Vice President
(c) Prime Minister
(d) Chief Justice of India
Answer: Chief Justice of India
77. The members of the State Legislative Assembly are elected for what period ?
(a) 2 years
(b) 4 years
(c) 6 years
(d) 5 years
Answer: 5 years
78. Criterion for a regional party to be recognised as a national party is
(a) To get 1/10th of the seats in the Parliament
(b) To be recognised in at least 4 states
(c) To be recognised in at least 3 states
(d) To get 1/10th of the seats in Lok Sabha
Answer: To be recognised in at least 4 states
79. Money Bill can be introduced in
(a) Either Lok Sabha or Rajya Sabha
(b) None of these
(c) Lok Sabha only
(d) Rajya Sabha only
Answer: Lok Sabha only
80. Who among the following decides whether particular bill is a Money Bill or not ?
(a) Finance Minister
(b) Speaker of Lok Sabha
(c) President
(d) Chairman of Rajya Sabha
Answer: Speaker of Lok Sabha
81. Which of the following states does not have a bicameral legislature ?
(a) Karnataka
(b) Maharashtra
(c) Rajasthan
(d) Bihar
Answer: Rajasthan
82. Parliament or a State Legislature can declare a seat vacant if a member absents himself without permission from the session for
(a) 60 days
(b) 120 days
(c) 30 days
(d) 90 days
Answer; 60 days
83. Who presides over the meetings of the Rajya Sabha ?
(a) President
(b) Speaker
(c) Prime Minister
(d) Vice - President
Answer: Vice - President
84. A candidate to become a member of the Rajya Sabha should not be less than
(a) 25 years
(b) 35 years
(c) 30 years
(d) 21 years
Answer: 30 years
85. Public Accounts Committee is a
(a) Select Committee of Lok Sabha
(b) Joint Committee of Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha
(c) Standing Committee of Rajya Sabha
(d) Sub Committee
Answer: Standing Committee of Rajya Sabha
86. The Rajya Sabha has a life of
(a) 7 years
(b) Permanency
(c) 2 years
(d) 6 years
Answer; Permanency
87. The Governor is appointed by the
(a) Chief Minister
(b) Chief Justice
(c) President
(d) Prime Minister
Answer: President
88. The budget is presented to the Parliament on
(a) The last day of March
(b) 1st April
(c) The last day of February
(d) 15th March
Answer; The last day of February
89. The term of Lok Sabha is normally
(a) 5 years
(b) 2 years
(c) 4 years
(d) 6 years
Answer: 5 years
90. The Constitution provides for the nomination to the Lok Sabha two members belonging to the community of
(a) Syrian Christians
(b) Scheduled Castes
(c) Parsis
(d) Anglo-Indians
Answer; Anglo-Indians
91. The legislative powers are vested in the
(a) President
(b) Governor
(c) Prime Minister
(d) Parliament
Answer: Parliament
92. Which authority recommends the principles governing the grants-in-aid of the revenues of the states out of the Consolidated Fund of India ?
(a) Public Accounts Committee
(b) Inter State Council
(c) Union Ministry of Finance
(d) Finance Commission
Answer; Finance Commission
93. Which are the two States (other than U.P.) having maximum representation in Lok Sabha ?
(a) Bihar and Madhya Pradesh
(b) Bihar and Tamil Nadu
(c) Bihar and Andhra Pradesh
(d) Bihar and Maharashtra
Answer: Bihar and Maharashtra
94. The term of the Lok Sabha
(a) Can be extended for another full term of 5 years.
(b) Can be extended for an unlimited period
(c) Can be extended by 1 year at a time
(d) Cannot be extended
Answer; Can be extended by 1 year at a time
95. How many times can the passed by Parliament ?
(a) Twice
(b) Never
(c) Thrice
(d) Once
Answer: Once
96. Vote on Account means legislative vote
(a) On the Appropriation Bill
(b) On the Finance Bill
(c) Authorising expenditure in respect of demands for grants pending the passing of the Appropriation Act
(d) In respect of the report of audit and accounts submitted by the Comptroller and Auditor General
Answer: Authorising expenditure in respect of demands for grants pending the passing of the Appropriation Act
97. Which of the following committees does not consist of any member from the Rajya Sabha?
(a) Estimates Committee
(b) Committee on Public Undertakings
(c) Public Accounts Committee
(d) Public Grievances Committee
Answer: Estimates Committee
98. Recognition to a political party is accorded by
(a) The Election Commission
(b) A Committee of Whips
(c) The Speaker of the Lok Sabha in the legislative assemblies in the case of regional parties
(d) The Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs
Answer; The Election Commission
99. The Chairman of Public Accounts Committee is
(a) Appointed by Speaker
(b) Elected by members of PAC
(c) Elected by Union Cabinet
(d) Appointed by President
Answer: Appointed by Speaker
100.  A Party in India in order to be recognised as official opposition in the Indian Parliament should have least how many seats ?
(a) 1/6th
(b) 1/10th
(c) 1/3rd
(d) 1/4th
Answer: 1/10th