Average Resting Heart beats per Minute

• Adult Males about 72
• Adult Females 76 to 80
• Newborns up to 140
• Children about 90
• Elderly 50 to 65

The Industrial Sources of Heavy Metals

Metal                                                  Industry

Chromium (Cr)                                    Mining, industrial coolants, chromium salts manufacturing,  leather tanning

Lead (Pb)                                            lead acid batteries, paints, E-waste, Smelting operations, coal- based thermal power plants, ceramics, bangle industry

Mercury (Hg)                                      Chlor-alkali plants, thermal power plants, fluorescent lamps, hospital waste (damaged thermometers, barometers, sphygmomanometers), electrical appliances etc.

Arsenic (As)                                        Geogenic/natural processes, smelting operations, thermal power plants, fuel burning

Copper (Cu)                                       Mining, electroplating, smelting operations

Vanadium (Va)                                   Spent catalyst, sulphuric acid plant

Nickel (Ni)                                          Smelting operations, thermal power plants, battery industry

Cadmium (Cd)                                    Zinc smelting, waste batteries, e-waste, paint sludge, incinerations & fuel combustion

Molybdenum (Mo)                              Spent catalyst

Zinc (ZN)                                            Smelting, electroplating

INDIAN SATELLITES

Satellite	Launch Date	Launch Vehicle	Type of Satellite
Jugnu	12.10.2011	PSLV-C18	Experimental / Small Satellite
SRMSat	12.10.2011	PSLV-C18	Experimental / Small Satellite
Megha-Tropiques	12.10.2011	PSLV-C18	Earth Observation Satellite
GSAT-12	15.07.2011	PSLV-C17	Geo-Stationary Satellite
GSAT-8	21.05.2011	Ariane-5 VA-202	Geo-Stationary Satellite
RESOURCESAT-2	20.04.2011	PSLV-C16	Earth Observation Satellite
YOUTHSAT	20.04.2011	PSLV-C16	Experimental / Small Satellite
GSAT-5P	25.12.2010	GSLV-F06	Geo-Stationary Satellite
STUDSAT	12.07.2010	PSLV-C15	Experimental / Small Satellite
CARTOSAT-2B	12.07.2010	PSLV-C15	Earth Observation Satellite
GSAT-4	15.04.2010	GSLV-D3	Geo-Stationary Satellite
Oceansat-2	23.09.2009	PSLV-C14	Earth Observation Satellite
ANUSAT	20.04.2009	PSLV-C12	Experimental / Small Satellite
RISAT-2	20.04.2009	PSLV-C12	Earth Observation Satellite
Chandrayaan-1	22.10.2008	PSLV-C11	Space Mission
CARTOSAT - 2A	28.04.2008	PSLV-C9	Earth Observation Satellite
IMS-1	28.04.2008	PSLV-C9	Earth Observation Satellite
INSAT-4B	12.03.2007	Ariane-5ECA	Geo-Stationary Satellite
CARTOSAT - 2	10.01.2007	PSLV-C7	Earth Observation Satellite
SRE - 1	10.01.2007	PSLV-C7	Experimental / Small Satellite
INSAT-4CR	02.09.2007	GSLV-F04	Geo-Stationary Satellite
INSAT-4C	10.07.2006	GSLV-F02	Geo-Stationary Satellite
INSAT-4A	22.12.2005	Ariane-5GS	Geo-Stationary Satellite
HAMSAT	05.05.2005	PSLV-C6	Experimental / Small Satellite
CARTOSAT-1	05.05.2005	PSLV-C6	Earth Observation Satellite
EDUSAT (GSAT-3)	20.09.2004	GSLV-F01	Geo-Stationary Satellite
Resourcesat-1(IRS-P6)	17.10.2003	PSLV-C5	Earth Observation Satellite
INSAT-3A	10.04.2003	Ariane-5G	Geo-Stationary Satellite
INSAT-3E	28.09.2003	Ariane-5G	Geo-Stationary Satellite
GSAT-2	08.05.2003	GSLV-D2	Geo-Stationary Satellite
KALPANA-1(METSAT)	12.09.2002	PSLV-C4	Geo-Stationary Satellite
INSAT-3C	24.01.2002	Ariane-42L H10-3	Geo-Stationary Satellite
Technology Experiment Satellite (TES)	22.10.2001	PSLV-C3	Earth Observation Satellite
GSAT-1	18.04.2001	GSLV-D1	Geo-Stationary Satellite
INSAT-3B	22.03.2000	Ariane-5G	Geo-Stationary Satellite
Oceansat(IRS-P4)	26.05.1999	PSLV-C2	Earth Observation Satellite
INSAT-2E	03.04.1999	Ariane-42P H10-3	Geo-Stationary Satellite
INSAT-2DT	January 1998	Ariane-44L H10	Geo-Stationary Satellite
IRS-1D	29.09.1997	PSLV-C1	Earth Observation Satellite
INSAT-2D	04.06.1997	Ariane-44L H10-3	Geo-Stationary Satellite
IRS-P3	21.03.1996	PSLV-D3	Earth Observation Satellite
IRS-1C	28.12.1995	Molniya	Earth Observation Satellite
INSAT-2C	07.12.1995	Ariane-44L H10-3	Geo-Stationary Satellite
IRS-P2	15.10.1994	PSLV-D2	Earth Observation Satellite
Stretched Rohini Satellite Series (SROSS-C2)	04.05.1994	ASLV	Space Mission
IRS-1E	20.09.1993	PSLV-D1	Earth Observation Satellite
INSAT-2B	23.07.1993	Ariane-44L H10+	Geo-Stationary Satellite
INSAT-2A	10.07.1992	Ariane-44L H10	Geo-Stationary Satellite
Stretched Rohini Satellite Series (SROSS-C)	20.05.1992	ASLV	Space Mission
IRS-1B	29.08.1991	Vostok	Earth Observation Satellite
INSAT-1D	12.06.1990	Delta 4925	Geo-Stationary Satellite
INSAT-1C	21.07.1988	Ariane-3	Geo-Stationary Satellite
Stretched Rohini Satellite Series (SROSS-2)	13.07.1988	ASLV	Earth Observation Satellite
IRS-1A	17.03.1988	Vostok	Earth Observation Satellite
Stretched Rohini Satellite Series (SROSS-1)	24.03.1987	ASLV	Space Mission
INSAT-1B	30.08.1983	Shuttle [PAM-D]	Geo-Stationary Satellite
Rohini (RS-D2)	17.04.1983	SLV-3	Earth Observation Satellite
INSAT-1A	10.04.1982	Delta 3910 PAM-D	Geo-Stationary Satellite
Bhaskara-II	20.11.1981	C-1 Intercosmos	Earth Observation Satellite
Ariane Passenger Payload Experiment (APPLE)	19.06.1981	Ariane-1(V-3)	Geo-Stationary Satellite
Rohini (RS-D1)	31.05.1981	SLV-3	Earth Observation Satellite
Rohini (RS-1)	18.07.1980	SLV-3	Experimental / Small Satellite
Rohini Technology Payload (RTP)	10.08.1979	SLV-3	Experimental / Small Satellite
Bhaskara-I	07.06.1979	C-1 Intercosmos	Earth Observation Satellite
Aryabhata	19.04.1975	C-1 Intercosmos	Experimental / Small Satellite

GENERAL SCIENCE MCQs

1. Which fuels are used for running automobiles?
a. Wood
b. Coal
c. Diesel
d. Charcoal
Ans. 1. (c)
2. When magnesium ribbon burnt it produce
a. Magnesium hydroxide
b. Magnesium oxide
c. Magnesium chloride
d. Magnesium sulphate
Ans.2. (b)
3. Charcoal burns in air producing-
a. CO2
b. CO
c. H2
d.O2
Ans.3. (a)
4. Combustion is a reaction in which a Substance reacts with-
a. Hydrogen
b. Nitrogen
c. Oxygen
d. Chlorine
Ans. 4. (c)
5. Fuel may be-
a. Solid
b. Liquid
c. Gas
d. All of these
Ans. 5. (d)
6 Which one of the following is fuel of our body?
a. Petrol
b. Diesel
c. Food
d. Water
Ans. 6. (c)
7. Combustion is a-
a. Physical process
b. Chemical process
c. Both (a) & (b)
d. None of these
Ans.7. (b)
8 Which one of the following is combustible?
a. Iron nail
b. Glass
c. Stone pieces
d. Paper
Ans.8. (d)
9. The lowest temperature at which a Substance catches fire is called its-
a. Boiling point
b. Melting point
c. Ignition temperature
d. Critical temperature
Ans.9(c)
10. Which of the following has lower ignition temperature?
a. Wood
b. Paper
c. Vegetable oil
d. Kerosene oil
Ans.10. (d)
11. Which one of the following is non Combustible?
a. Stone piece
b. Paper
c. Straw
d. Matchsticks
Ans.11. (a)
12. In the presence of water, ignition Temperature of paper is-
a. Decrease
b. Increase
c. Remain constant
d. None of these
Ans. 12. (a)
13. Which of the following is inflammable Substances?
a. Petrol
b. Wood
c. Paper
d. Straw
Ans.13. (a)
14. Essential requirements for producing fire are:
a. Fuel
b. Air
c. Heat
d. All of these
Ans.14. (d)
15. Fire extinguisher-
a. Cut off the supply of air
b. Bring down the temperature of fuel
c. Both (a) & (b)
d. None of these
Ans.15. (c)
16. For combustion ________is necessary
a. Air
b. Water
c. Paper
d. Fuel
Ans.16. (a)
17. Rapid combustion is
a. When gas burns, it produces heat and light
b. When material suddenly burst into flames
c. When there is evolution of heat
d. None of these
Ans.17. (a)
18. Explosion is the evolution of
a. Heat
b. light
c. Sound
d. All of these
Ans.18. (d)
19. Substance which vaporise during Burning gives
a. Sound
b. Flame
c. Combustion
d. None of these
Ans. 19. (b)
20. Which is the hottest part in the flame of the candle
a. Blue
b. Yellow
c. Black
d. Wax part
Ans. 20 (a)
21. Innermost zone is the
a. Hottest part
b. Moderately hot part
c. Least hot part
d. Cold part
Ans. 21. (c)
22. Yellow colour in the flame denotes
a. Outermost part
b. Middle zone
c. Innermost zone
d. None of these
Ans.22. (b)
23. Good fuel is
a. Readily available
b. Cheap
c. Burn easily in air
d. All of these
Ans.23. (d)
24. On burning fuel produces….. amount of heat
a. Large
b. Less
c. Very less
d. No heat
Ans.24. (a)
25. Which is better domestic fuel
a. CNG
b. LPG
c. Wood
d. Coal
Ans.25. (b)
26. Use of ….. in vehicle reduces pollution
a. Petrol
b. Diesel
c. CNG
d. None of these
Ans.26. (c)
27. During the process of combustion ________is given out
a. Heat
b. Light
c. Sound
d. Both heat & light
Ans. 27. (d)
28. The most common fire extinguisher is
a. Water
b. CO2
c. Oxygen
d. Hydrogen
Ans.28. (a)
29. Ideal fuel has ____ calorific value
a. Low
b. High
c. Moderate
d. Zero
Ans. 29. (b)
30. Calorific value gives the
1.Fuel efficiency
2.Amount of heat
3.Amount of light
4.None of these
Ans.30. (a)
31. Calorific value is measured in
a. Kilo joule
b. Kilograms
c. Kilo joule per Kg
d. Kilometre
Ans.31. (c)
32. Unburnt carbon particles causes
a. Stomach infections
b. Respiratory problems
c. Brain infections
d. Throat problems
Ans. 32. (b)
33. Incomplete combustion gives
a. CO2
b. CO
c. Carbon
d. None of these
Ans.33. (b)
34. Goldsmith uses ____part of the flame for melting gold
a. Outermost
b. Middle
c. Innermost
d. Both (b) & (c)
Ans. 34. (a)
35. Amount of heat energy produced on _____combustion of 1kg of fuel is Calorific value
a. Incomplete
b. Complete
c. Half
d. None of these
Ans. 35. (b)
36. Element showing spontaneous combustion is
a. Calcium
b. Phosphorous
c. Lithium
d. Copper
Ans.c
37. Which of the following is/are carbon fuel
a. Wood
b. Coal
c. Petroleum
d. All of these
Ans.) 37. (d)
38. Combustion of most fuels releases
a. CO2
b. SO2
c. NO2
d. Oxygen
Ans.38. (a)
39. Global warming is caused due to____ concentration of Co2 in air
a. Decreased
b. Increased
c. Both (a) & (b)
d. None of these
Ans.39. (b)
40. Burning of coal and diesel releases
a. NO2
b. CO2
c. SO2
d. CO
Ans.40. (c)
1.Petrol engine gives off gaseous oxides of
a. Sulphur
b. Nitrogen
c. Phosphorous
d. Carbon
Ans.41. (b)
42. Acid rain is caused by oxides of
a. Sulphur, Nitrogen
b. Sulphur, Carbon
c. Carbon, Nitrogen
d. Phosphorous, Carbon
Ans. 42. (a)
43. Which is a solid fuel?
a. Petrol
b. Diesel
c. Wax
d. Wood
Ans.43. (c)
44. In the sun, heat and light are produced by
a.Chemical reactions
b.Nuclear reactions
c.Ionic reactions
d.None of these
Ans.44. (b)
45. The head of the safety match contains
a. Antimony trisulphide
b Potassium Chlorate
c. Both (a) and (b)
d. None of these
Ans.45. (c)
46. When the match struck against rubbing surface, red phosphorous
a. Converts into white phosphorous
b. Reacts with potassium chlorate
c. Ignite antimony trisulphide
d. None of these
Ans.46. (a)
47. Best extinguisher for inflammable Materials is
a. Water
b. SO2
c. CO2
d. CO
Ans.47. (c)
48 CO2 is stored as a liquid in cylinder at
a. High pressure
b. Low pressure
c. High temperature
d. Low temperature
Ans.48. (a)
49. CO2 is given off by chemicals like
a. Sodium bicarbonate
b. Calcium sulphate
c. Sodium sulphate
d. Sulphuric acid
Ans. 49. (a)
50. Water is not suitable for fire involving
a. Oil
b. Petrol
c. Both (a) & (b)
d. None of these
Ans. 50. (c)

GENERAL SCIENCE MCQs

1. The property of metals by which they can be beaten in to thin sheets is called-
a. malleability
b. Ductility
c. conduction
d. Expansion
Ans . 1. (a)
2. Which one of the following is metal?
a. C
b. N
c. Na
d. O
Ans . 2. (c)
3. Which one of the following is non metal?
a. Zn
b. Al
c. Fe
d. N
Ans . 3. (d)
4. All materials shown property of malleability expect
a. Iron
b. Graphite
c. Aluminium
d. Silver
Ans . 4. (b)
5. Which one of the following is a good conductor of electricity?
a. Iron
b. Plastic
c. Wood
d. Glass
Ans . 5. (a)
6. The property of metal by which it can be drawn into wires is called
a. Conductivity
b. malleability
c. Ductility
d. Decorating
Ans . 6. (c)
7. The metals that produce ringing sounds, are said to be-
a. malleable
b. sonorous
c. Lustrous
d. hard
Ans . 7. (b)
8. Which metal is found in liquid state t room temperature?
a. Fe
b. Zn
c. Hg
d. Al
Ans . 8. (c)
9. The solution of ash of magnesium ribbon is-
a. Acidic
b. Basic
c. Neutral
d. All of these
Ans . 9. (b)
10. What is the product when sulphur reacts with oxygen?
a. Sulphuric acid
b. Sulphur trioxide
c. Sulphurous acid
d. Sulphur dioxide
Ans . 10. (d)
11. When sulphur dioxide is dissolve in water then-
a. Sulphur is formed
b. Sulphur trioxide is formed
c. Sulphuric acid is formed
d. Sulphurous acid is formed.
Ans . 11. (c)
12. What is the chemical formula of sulphurous acid-
a. H2SO4
b. SO2
c. SO3
d. H2SO3
Ans . 12. (d)
13. The sulphuric acid turns blue litmus paper into-
a. Red
b. Green
c. Yellow
d. Dark blue
Ans . 13. (a)
14. Oxides of non metals are _______ in nature
a. Basic
b. Acidic
c. Neutral
d. All of these
Ans . 14. (b)
15. Sodium metal is stored in-
a. Water
b. Alcohol
c. Kerosene
d. Ether
Ans . 15. (c)
16. Which one of the following metal reacts vigorously with oxygen and water?
a. Sodium
b. Potassium
c. Calcium
d. Magnesium
Ans . 16. (a)
17. Which metal is present in Calcium Hydroxide?
a. C
b. O
c. Ca
d. H
Ans . 17. (c)
18. Which non-metal catches fire if the exposed to air
a. Sodium
b. Phosphorous
c. Calcium
d. Uranium
Ans . 18. (b)
19. What is the chemical formula of copper sulphate?
a. CuSO4
b. CuCO3
c. CuCl2
d. CuO
Ans . 19. (b)
20. Which gas are produced when metal react with acids
a. Oxygen
b. Nitrogen
c. Hydrogen
d. Carbon dioxide
Ans . 20 (c)
21. Which one of the following does not react with acids?
a. Cu
b. Ni
c. Cr
d. O
Ans . 21. (d)
22. Which one of the following gas burns with the “pop” sound?
a. Oxygen
b. Hydrogen
c. Chlorine
d. Hydrogen sulphide
Ans . 22. (b)
23. Which of the following can be beaten in to thin sheets?
a. Zinc
b.Phosphorus
c. Sulphur
d. Oxygen
Ans . 23. (a)
24. Which of the following statements are correct?
a. All metals are ductile
b All non metals are ductile
c Generally metals are ductile
d.some metals are ductile
Ans . 24. (c)
25. What happens when dilute sulphuric acid is poured on a copper plate?
a. Copper sulphate formed
b. Zinc sulphate formed
c. Copper chloride formed
d. Zinc sulphate formed.
Ans . 25. (a)
26. On burning metals react with oxygen to produce-
a. Metal hydroxide
b. Metal chloride
c. Metal oxide
d. Metal sulphate
Ans . 26. (c)
27. Which gas produced by piece of burning charcoal?
a. CO2
b. CO
c. H2S
d. O2
Ans . 27. (b)
28. Which non metal is essential for our life and inhale during breathing?
a. H
b. O
c. C
d. N
Ans . 28. (b)
29. Non metals used in-
a. Aeroplanes
b. making machinery
c. Water boilers
d. Fertilisers
Ans . 29. (d)
30. Which one of the following is applied on wounds as an antiseptic?
a. Metals
b. Non metals
c. Metalloids
d. All of these
Ans . 30. (b)
31. Which metal is found in plants?
a. Fe
b. Cr
c. Mg
d.CO
Ans . 31. (c)
32. Copper sulphate (CuSO4) possesses
a. Red colour
b. Blue colour
c. Green colour
d. Yellow colour
Ans . 32. (b)
33. Which one of the following are very reactive non metals
a. Sodium
b. Potassium
c. Carbon
d. Phosphorous
Ans . 33. (d)
34. Which one of the following is the good conducter of electricity?
a. Iron rod
b. Sulphur
c. Coal piece
d. Wood
Ans . 34. (a)
35. Which material show shiny appearance?
a. Coal
b. Sulphur
c. Aluminium
d. Carbon
Ans . 35. (c)
36. Which material is hard in nature?
a. Iron
b. Coal
c. Oxygen
d. Wood
Ans . 36. (a)
37. Gold is used in-
a. Thermometers
b. Fuel
c. Jewellery
d. Machinery
Ans . 37. (c)
38. Which one of the following metal is used thermometers?
a. Copper
b. Mercury
c. Aluminium
d. Iron
Ans . 38. (b)
39. Which one of the following can’t be drawn into wires?
a. Fe
b. Al
c. Cu
d. Coal
Ans . 39. (d)
40. Which substance is present in fuel?
a. Copper
b. Iron
c. Gold
d. Carbon
Ans . 40. (d)
41. Zinc replaces copper from-
a. Zinc sulphate
b. Copper sulphate
c. sulphuric acid
d. Copper oxide
Ans . 41. (b)
42. Metallic oxides are-
a. Acidic is nature
b. Neutral
c. Basic in nature
d. Either acidic or basic
Ans . 42. (c)
43. Aluminium foil used for wrapping-
a. Food
b. Clothes
c. Plastic
d. Wires
Ans . 43. (a)
44. Which one of the following is used for decorating sweets?
a. Aluminium foil
b. Copper foil
c. Silver foil
d. All of these
Ans . 44. (c)
45. Which one of the following enhances the growth of plants?
a. Industrial gadgets
b. Fertilisers
c. Automobiles
d. Water boilers
Ans . 45. (b)
46. Which one of the following is in crackers?
a. metals
b. Semi metals
c. Non-metal
d. All of these
Ans . 46. (c)
47. Hydrogen gas produce when metal react with-
a. Acid
b. Base
c. Salt
d. Both acid & base
Ans . 47. (b)
48. Which of the following can’t be beaten into sheets?
a. Zinc
b. Iron
c. Aluminium
d. Sulphur
Ans . 48. (d)
49. Heat conduction is the property of
a. Non-metal
b. Metal
c. Metalloids
d. All of these
Ans . 49. (b)
50. Moist air is the combination of-
a. H2O+CO2+O2
b. H2O+ CO+O2
c. H2O+CO2+H2
d. H2O+O2+H2
Ans . 50. (a)

Monsoon Diseases

During rainy season some want to enjoy watching the weather from the comfort of their homes eating their favourite ‘pakoras’ and sipping a hot cup of ‘chai’, while others want to go out and enjoy the rains. Though following a scorching summer the rain ushers in new lease of life, it sometimes brings with it some deadly diseases.

Following are the most common diseases, their symptoms and some suggestions to prevent them during the rainy season.

Malaria

• This is the most dangerous disease in India with a very high number of deaths credited to it. The disease is spread by Female Anopheles mosquito. A large number of cases are reported during the rainy season as water logging provides conducive conditions for mosquitoes to breed.

• Fever at regular intervals, bouts of shivering, muscle pain and weakness are the general symptoms of Maleria.

• Since this disease is spread by mosquitoes the best prevention is to keep the surroundings clean and mosquito-free. Make sure that water does not stagnate in your area as mosquitoes breed in stagnant water. Use DDT in the drains near your home. Use of mosquito repellents and nets is highly recommended. Do not ignore any symptoms of malaria and consult your doctor immediately if you feel any sign of the disease.

Cholera

• Cholera is caused by contaminated food and water. Also poor hygienic conditions help the spread of the disease. It normally spreads in places with poor sanitation facilities.

• Severe diarrhea with watery stools is the most common symptom of Cholera. There could also be vomiting with immediate water loss and muscle cramps.

• Keep the drinking water clean and boil it before using. Maintain personal hygiene and good sanitation. It is advisable to get vaccinated as it gives immunity for almost six months.

• Oral rehydration should be given immediately for patients suffering from Cholera.

Typhoid

• Typhoid is another highly infectious disease that spreads during the monsoon season and it is also caused by contaminated food and water.

• The most common symptom of this disease is prolonged fever. Severe pain in abdomen and headache can also be the symptoms.

• This is a highly communicable disease so the patient should be isolated from the rest of the family. Advance vaccination may also help prevent it. High intake of fluid is advised to patients to prevent dehydration. Since this disease has a tendency of relapsing precautions should continue even after apparent recovery.

Hepatitis A

• Hepatitis A is generally caused by flies. It can also spread by coming in direct contact with the patient.

• The symptoms are similar to those of flu including high fever along with headache, pain in joints and vomiting.

• The most important prevention of this disease is vaccination. This vaccine is available at all the government and private hospitals. Complete bed rest and a high calorie diet is advised to the patient.

Common Cold

• Common cold is the most common disease that spreads easily during rainy season. • Constant sneezing, sore throat and fever are the common symptoms of the disease. • The easy way to prevent common cold is to avoid catching it. But if at all it catches you, treat yourself with a glass of hot turmeric milk. Gargles with warm water give relief to your sore throat. If things don’t improve you may like to see a doctor.

GENERAL SCIENCE MCQs

1. An ordinary tube light used for lighting purposes
contains
(a) fluorescent material and an inert gas
( b) one filament, reflective material and mercury vapour
(c) fluorescent material and mercury vapour
(d) two filaments, fluorescent material and mercury vapour

2. The term ‘Black Box’ is more commonly used in relation to which of the following?
(a) It is a box in which high grade uranium is kept to prevent radiation.
(b) It is a time capsule in which records of important events are kept to be opened at a later date,
(c) It is a flight recorder in an aero plane.
(d)None of these

3. The lightning conductor used in building, protects the building by
(a) dissipating the electric charge away from the building
(b) conducting the lightning safely to the ground
(c) absorbing the electric charge
(d) None of these

4. Sodium vapour lamps are preferred over incandescent lamp because of
(a) higher tolerance to voltage fluctuation
(b) higher intensity of illumination
(c) easy installation
(d) None of these

5. The principle of working of periscope is based on
(a) reflection only
(b) refraction only
(c) reflection and refraction
(d) reflection and interference

6. The working of the quartz crystal in the watch is based on
(a) Johnson effect
(b) Photoelectric effect
(c)Edison effect
(d) Piezo electric effect

7. A handwritten message can be instantly transmitted as such to any part of the world through
(a) Speed post
(b) Telex
(c)Electronic mail
(d) FAX

8. Which of the following combinations of aperture and shutter speed of a camera will allow the maximum exposure?
(a) F-5.6,1/l000
(b) F-8,l/250
(c) F-16,l/l25
(d) F-22,1/60

9. Hardware is related to?
(a) calculator
(b) computers
(c) acids
(d) heavy metals

10. Which of the following best explains the phenomenon ‘Simple Harmonic Motion’?
(a) Cylinder
(b) Disc
(c) Pendulum
(d) None of these

11. Jet engines are
(a) rotary engines
(b) turbine engines
(c) external combustion engines
(d) reaction engines

12. In an engine run on diesel, ignition is caused through
(a)friction
(b) automatic starter
(c)spark plug
(d) compression

13. In an electronic watch, the component corresponding to the pendulum of a pendulum clock is
(a)Transistor
(b) Balance Wheel
(c) Crystal Oscillator
(d) Diode

14. The hydraulic brakes used in automobiles is a direct application of ?
(a) Archimedes’ Principle
(b) Toricellian law
(c) Bernoulli’s theorem
(d) Pascal’s law

15. Which of the following statements is correct?
(a) Dynamo converts electrical energy into heat energy and electric motor converts mechanical energy into electrical energy.
(b) Dynamo converts mechanical energy into electrical energy and electric motor converts electrical energy into mechanical energy.
(c) Both dynamo and electric motor convert electrical energy into mechanical energy.
(d) Both dynamo and electric motor convert mechanical energy into electrical energy.

16.. An electron microscope gives higher magnification than an optical microscope because
(a) it uses more powerful lenses.
(b) the velocity of electrons is smaller than that of visible light.
(c) the electrons have more energy than the light particles.
(d) the wavelength of electrons is smaller as compared to the wavelength of visible light.

17. The conversion of electrical energy into chemical energy is observed in ?
(a) fan
(b) storage battery
(c) heater
(d) incandescent bulb

18. The most efficient engine is ?
(a) Petrol
(b) Diesel
(c) Electric
(d) Steam

19. The tape of a tape recorder is coated with
(a) Zinc oxide
(b) Copper sulphate
(c) Mica
(d) Ferromagnetic powder

20. When a coil is rotated in magnetic field, induced current is generated in the coil. This principle is used in making ?
(a) electromagnet
(b) electric motor
(c) electric generator
(d) electric watt meter

21. Distant objects can be seen with the help of
(a) chronometer
(b) microscope
(c)telescope
(d) spectroscope

22. The safety fuse should have
(a) high resistance and high melting point
(b) high resistance and low melting point
(c) low resistance and high melting point
(d) low resistance and low melting point

23. Greenhouse is?
(a) a building chiefly of glass in which the temperature is very low.
(b) a building in which green plants are cultivated.
(c) a building chiefly of glass in which the temperature is maintained within the desired range.
(d) None of these

23. Given below are some of the home appliances:
1. 1/8 H.P. Water pump
2. Fluorescenttubelight
3. Room heater
4. Night lamp
Which of the following is the correct sequence in decreasing order of the wattage of the above?
(a) 2,1,3,4
(b) 3,1,2,4
(c)3,2,1,4
(d) 4,2,1,3

25. Which of the following is/are true regarding the third (thicker) pin in a 3-pin plug?
1. It ensures better electrical contact.
2. It is connected to the body of the electrical device.
3. It is connected to the earth terminal.
4. It is connected to the neutral terminal.
(a) 1 and2
(b) 2 and 3
(c) 1 and3
(d) 4only

26. Consider the following statements about a thermos flask:
1. It is a practical device in which the beat flowing into or out of the system by conduction, convection or radiation is reduced as much as possible.
2. It consists of a double – walled glass vessel.
3. The heat transfer by convection is minimized by silvering the surfaces and the radiation is minimized by evacuating the space between the walls.
Of these, the correct ones are
(a) l and 2
(b) 2 and 3
(c) l and 3
(d) l,2 and 3

27. Which of the following are true regarding the compact fluorescent tubes now available in market for home use?
1. They use less power (about 20%) compared to filament type bulbs for same amount of light.
2. They operate at higher voltages.
3. They are narrower and shorter than common fluorescent tubes.
(a) l and 2
(b) 2 and 3
(c) 1 and 3
(d) 1,2 and 3

28. In an ordinary dry cell, the electrolyte is
(a) sulphuric acid
(b) manganese dioxide
(c) ammonium chloride
(d) zinc

29. Which of the following pairs of materials serves as electrodes in chargeable batteries commonly used in devices such as torch lights, electric shavers etc. ?
(a) Iron and cadmium
(b) Nickel and cadmium
(c) Lead peroxide and lead
(d) Zinc and carbon

30. The mixed oxide fuel is used for which of the following?
(a) Nuclear Reactors
(b) Aero planes
(c) Cryogenic Engines
(d) PSLV rockets

31. Conversion of chemical energy into electrical energy occurs in ?
(a)dynamos
(b) electric heaters
(c)battery
(d) atomic bombs

32. In the ordinary fire extinguisher, carbon dioxide is generated by the reaction of ?
(a) marble powder and dilute HCL
(b) magnesite and dilute HCL
(c) limestone and dilute Sulphuric Acid
(d) sodium bicarbonate and dilute Sulphuric Acid

33. Which of the following take place when the subject speaks untruth while being tested by the polygraph instrument?
1.. His blood pressure goes up.
2. His pulse quickens.
3. His skin darkens.
4. He sneezes.
(a) l and 2
(b) 3 and 4
(c) l,2 and 3
(4) 2,3 and 4

34. What is the function of a microprocessor in a computer?
(a) It allows the key board to write on the computer.
(b) It allows the outputs to be taken from a computer.
(c) It performs all the functions of a CPU (Central Processing Unit).
(d) None of these

35.Teletext means?
(a) the process of convening black & white TV sets into coloured ones.
(b) flashing of telephone conversation on TV screen.
(c) flashing the text of the message on the telex machine.
(d) flashing of the text of news and information on the TV screen.

36. Which of the following statements about a refrigerator is/are correct?
1. It converts electrical energy into heat energy.
2. It converts electrical energy into mechanical energy.
3. It transfers heat from a high temperature to a low temperature.
4. It transfers heat from a low temperature to a high temperature.
(a) 1 and3
(b)2 and 3
(c) 1 and 4
(d) 4 only

37. Which of the following statements are true regarding transmission of television programmes?
1. Picture is transmitted with velocity of light.
2. Sound is transmitted with velocity of sound.
3. Sound is transmitted with velocity of light.
4. Different colours of the picture.are transmitted with different velocities.
(a) l and 3
(b) 1,2 and 3
(c) 2,3 and 4
(d) l,3 and 4

38. The anode in a dry cell consists of
(a) graphite
(b) zinc
(c) copper
(d)cadmium

39. The technique used to transmit audio signals in television broadcasts is
(a) Amplitude Modulation
(b) Frequency Modulation
(c) Pulse Code Modulation
(d) Time Division Multiplexing

40 Floppy disc in a computer system is
(a) compiler
(b) core memory
(c) software
(d) device for storing and retrieving data

41. The best colour (s) for a sun umbrella will be
(a)black
(b) black on top and white on the inside
(c)white on top and black on the inside
(d) printed with all the seven colours of rainbow

42. Which one of the following can be used to confirm whether drinking water contains a gamma emitting isotope or not?
(a) Spectrophotometer
(b) Microscope
(c) Scintillation counter
(d) Lead plate

43. The following processes take place during the
launching of a rocket:
1. Rocket fuel is burnt.
2. Gases are produced.
3. Rocket moves in the forward direction.
4. Gases come out with momentum in back ward direction.
The correct sequential order in which the above processes occur, is
(a) 1,2,3,4
(b) 1,3,2,4
(c) 1,2,4,3
(d) 1,3,4,2

44. A computer can be freely programmable
(a) if it is of a digital type
( if it is controlled synchronously
(c) if it contains a read only memory (ROM)
(d) if it contains a random access memory(RAM)

45. Which of the following polymers is widely used for making bullet proof material?
(a) Polyethylene
(b) Polyamides
(c) Polyvinyl chloride
(d) Polycarbonates

46. What is a flow chart in computer terminology?
(a) A graphical representation of a sequence of operations in a computer program
(b) A circular chart used for computer languages
(c) A debugging programme.
(d) None of these

47. A transistor is most likely to be found in a
(a)wrist watch
(b) fuse
(c)hearing aid
(d) fluorescent lamp

48. Ball bearings are used to reduce friction by
(a) applying lubricants to the balls used
(b) reducing the area of contact with the use of metallic balls
(c) increasing the area of contact with the use of metallic balls
(d)None of these

49. Aviation fuel for jet aeroplanes consists of purified
(a)petrol
(b) kerosene
(c)gasoline
(d) diesel

50. Recoil of a gun is an example of
(a) conservation of mass
(b) conservation of energy
(c) conversion of Potential Energy into Kinetic Energy
(d) conservation of linear momentum

ANSWERS:

1. D        2. C    3. B    4. B    5. C    6. D    7. D    8. B    9. B    10. C        11. D    12. D   
13. C    14. D    15. B    16. D    17. B    18. C    19. D        20. C    21. C    22. B    23. C   
24. B    25. B    26. A    27. D        28. C    29. B    30. C    31. C    32. D    33. A    34. C  
35. D        36. C       37. A    38. A    39. C    40. D    41. C    42. C    43. C    44. C    45. A       
46. A    47. C    48. B     49. A    50. D    

PSLV - C 16 launch successfully

India’s PSLV—C16 rocket April 2o, successfully launched into orbit the latest remote sensing satellite Resourcesat—2 that would study and help manage natural resources along with two nano satellites.

ISRO’s homegrown workhorse Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle placed in a ‘Polar Sun Synchronous Orbit’ Resourcesat-2, Youthsat and X-Sat about 18 minutes after it blasted off from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre launch pad at 10.12 am.

“PSLV-C16 Resourcesat-2 mission is successful,” a jubilant Indian Space Research Organisation Chairman K Radhakrishnan announced shortly after all the three satellites were hurled into space one after another 822 km above earth in a text book launch.

The ISRO chief’s announcement was cheered by the battery of scientists at the mission control centre who heaved a sigh of relief as they were gripped by an added anxiety following two successive failures of GSLV missions last year.

The 1,206 kg Resourcesat-2 with a space life of five years replaces Resourcesat-1 launched in 2003 and would provide data with enhanced multispectral and spatial coverage on natural resources.

The GSLV mission in December last year failed when the homegrown GSLV F06 carrying communication satellite GSAT-5P exploded mid-air less than a minute after lift-off and fell into the Bay of Bengal.

GSAT-5P, carrying 24 C-band and 12 extended C-band transponders, plunged into the sea when the destruct command was issued as the rocket veered from its flight path.

Earlier, the GSLV-D3 mission carrying GSAT-4 had also failed in April 2010, dealing a blow to India’s space programme.

PSLV—C16 flight was its 17th successive mission after the failure of its maiden voyage in September 1993.

PSLV-C16 Details:

PSLV-C16, is the eighteenth flight of ISRO's Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle, PSLV. In this flight, the standard version of PSLV with six solid strap-on motors is used.

PSLV-C16 will place three satellites with a total payload mass of 1404 kg - RESOURCESAT-2 weighing 1206 kg, the Indo-Russian YOUTHSAT weighing 92 kg and Singapore's X-SAT weighing 106 kg – into an 822 km polar Sun Synchronous Orbit (SSO). PSLV-C16 will be launched from the First Launch Pad (FLP) at Satish Dhawan Space Centre SHAR, Sriharikota.

The major changes made in PSLV since its first launch include changes in strap-on motors ignition sequence, increase in the propellant loading of the first stage and strap-on solid propellant motors as well as the second and fourth stage liquid propellant motors, improvement in the performance of the third stage motor by optimising motor case and enhanced propellant loading and employing a carbon composite payload adapter.

PSLV has also become a more versatile vehicle for launching multiple satellites in polar SSOs as well as Low Earth Orbits (LEO) and Geosynchronous Transfer Orbit (GTO). With sixteen successful launches, PSLV has emerged as the workhorse launch vehicle of ISRO and is offered for launching satellites for international customers also. During 1994-2010 period, PSLV has launched a total of 44 satellites, of which 25 satellites are from abroad and 19 are Indian satellites.

PSLV- C16 Stages at a Glance STAGE-1 STAGE-2 STAGE-3 STAGE-4 Nomenclature Core Stage(PSI) + 6 Strap-on Motors PS2 PS3 PS4 Propellant Solid (HTPB Based) Liquid (UH25+N2O4) Solid (HTPB Based) Liquid (MMH + MON-3) Mass (Tonne) 138.0 (Core) + 6 x 9.0 (Strap-on) 41.0 7.6 2.5 Max Thrust (kN) 4703 (Core) 6 x 635(Strap-on) 804 244 7.3 x 2 Burn Time (Sec) 107 (Core) 50 (Strap-on) 151 116 510 Stage Dia (m) 2.8 (Core) 1.0 (Strap-on) 2.8 2.0 2.8 Stage Length (m) 20 (Core) 11.3 (Strap-on) 12.8 3.6 2.6

RESOURCESAT-2: RESOURCESAT-2 is a follow on mission to RESOURCESAT-1 and the eighteenth Remote Sensing satellite built by ISRO. RESOURCESAT-2 is intended to continue the remote sensing data services to global users provided by RESOURCESAT-1, and to provide data with enhanced multispectral and spatial coverage as well. Important changes in RESOURCESAT-2 compared to RESOURCESAT-1 are: Enhancement of LISS-4 multispectral swath from 23 km to 70 km and improved Radiometric accuracy from 7 bits to 10 bits for LISS-3 and LISS-4 and 10 bits to 12 bits for AWIFS. Besides, suitable changes, including miniaturisation in payload electronics, have been made in RESOURCESAT-2. RESOURCESAT-2 also carries an additional payload known as AIS (Automatic Identification System) from COMDEV, Canada as an experimental payload for ship surveillance in VHF band to derive position, speed and other information about ships. RESOURCESAT-2 carries two Solid State Recorders with a capacity of 200 Giga Bytes each to store the images taken by its cameras which can be read out later to ground stations.

Mission Remote Sensing Orbit Circular Polar Sun Synchronous Orbit altitude at injection 822 km + 20 km (3 Sigma) Orbit Inclination 98.731º + 0.2º Lift-off Mass 1206 kg Orbit Period 101.35 min Number of Orbits per day 14 Local Time of Equator crossing 10:30 am Repetivity 24 days Attitude and Orbit Control 3-axis body stabilised using Reaction Wheels, Magnetic Torquers and Hydrazine Thrusters Power Solar Array generating 1250 W at End Of Life, two 24 AH Ni-Cd batteries Launch date April 20, 2011 Launch site SHAR Centre Sriharikota India Launch vehicle PSLV- C16 Mission life 5 years

YOUTHSAT: YOUTHSAT is a joint Indo-Russian stellar and atmospheric satellite mission with the participation of students from Universities at graduate, post graduate and research scholar level. With a lift-off mass of 92 kg, Youthsat is a mini satellite and the second in the Indian Mini Satellite (IMS) series. Youthsat mission intends to investigate the relationship between solar variability and thermosphere-Ionosphere changes. The satellite carries three payloads, of which two are Indian and one Russian. Together, they form a unique and comprehensive package of experiments for the investigation of the composition, energetics and dynamics of earth's upper atmosphere. The Indian payloads are: RaBIT (Radio Beacon for Ionospheric Tomography)- For mapping Total Electron Content (TEC) of the Ionosphere. LiVHySI (Limb Viewing Hyper Spectral Imager) - To perform airglow measurements of the Earth's upper atmosphere (80- 600 km) in 450-950 nm. The Russian payload: SOLRAD - For monitoring the solar X- and gamma ray fluxes and to study solar cosmic ray flux parameters and conditions of their penetration in the Earth's magnetosphere.

Lift-off Mass 92 kg Orbit Period 101.35 min Dimension 1020 (Pitch) x 604 (Roll) x 1340 (Yaw) mm3 Attitude and Orbit Control 3-axis body stabilised using Sun and Star Sensors, Miniature Magnetometer, Miniature Gyros, Micro Reaction Wheels and Magnetic Torquers Power Solar Array generating 230 W, one 10.5 AH Li-ion battery Mechanisms Paraffin Actuator based Solar Panel Hold Down and Release Mechanism Launch date April 20, 2011 Launch site SHAR Centre Sriharikota India Launch vehicle PSLV- C16 Orbit Circular Polar Sun Synchronous Orbit altitude at injection 822 km + 20 km (3 Sigma) Orbit Inclination 98.731 º + 0.2 º Mission life 2 years

X-SAT:

X-SAT, the third payload of PSLV-C16, is Singapore's first satellite. Weighing 106 kg at lift-off, X-SAT is a Mini Satellite with a multispectral camera IRIS as its primary payload. X-SAT mission mainly intends to demonstrate technologies related to satellite based remote sensing and onboard image processing.