Metal Industry
Chromium (Cr) Mining, industrial coolants, chromium salts manufacturing, leather tanning
Lead (Pb) lead acid batteries, paints, E-waste, Smelting operations, coal- based thermal power plants, ceramics, bangle industry
Mercury (Hg) Chlor-alkali plants, thermal power plants, fluorescent lamps, hospital waste (damaged thermometers, barometers, sphygmomanometers), electrical appliances etc.
Arsenic (As) Geogenic/natural processes, smelting operations, thermal power plants, fuel burning
Copper (Cu) Mining, electroplating, smelting operations
Vanadium (Va) Spent catalyst, sulphuric acid plant
Nickel (Ni) Smelting operations, thermal power plants, battery industry
Cadmium (Cd) Zinc smelting, waste batteries, e-waste, paint sludge, incinerations & fuel combustion
Molybdenum (Mo) Spent catalyst
Zinc (ZN) Smelting, electroplating
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